Juul Labs, Inc., Washington, DC, USA.
Pinney Associates, Inc., Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
Sci Rep. 2023 May 5;13(1):7297. doi: 10.1038/s41598-023-34427-x.
The harm caused by cigarette smoking is overwhelmingly due to byproducts of tobacco combustion. Electronic Nicotine Delivery Systems (ENDS) provide nicotine to users without combustion, and may support tobacco harm reduction among cigarette smokers who would not otherwise quit in the near term. Analyses of Wave 5 of the Population Assessment of Tobacco and Health (PATH) Study compared biomarkers of exposure (BOE) levels for nicotine, 3 metals, 2 tobacco-specific nitrosamines and 14 smoking-related volatile organic compounds in 151 exclusive ENDS users, 1341 exclusive cigarette smokers, 115 dual users (cigarettes and ENDS), and 1846 past 30-day nonusers of tobacco, adjusting for demographics. Nicotine exposure in ENDS users and dual users did not significantly differ from smokers. Among ENDS users, 16 of 18 other BOEs were significantly lower than smokers'; 9 BOEs were not significantly different from nonusers. Among dual users smoking < 10 cigarettes/day, 15 of 18 non-nicotine BOEs were significantly lower than smokers', whereas in dual users smoking ≥ 10 cigarettes per day none of the BOEs significantly differed from smokers'. In this representative sample of US adults, exclusive use of ENDS (vs. cigarette smoking) was associated with much lower exposures to many harmful chemicals associated with smoking-related disease. BOE levels in dual users were directly related to their cigarette consumption. These BOE data provide further evidence that ENDS expose users to substantially lower levels of toxicants than combustible cigarettes, confirming their potential for harm reduction.
吸烟造成的危害主要归因于烟草燃烧的副产品。电子尼古丁传送系统（ENDS）为使用者提供尼古丁而无需燃烧，可能会支持那些近期内无法戒烟的香烟使用者减少烟草危害。人口烟草与健康评估（PATH）研究的第五波分析比较了 151 名纯 ENDS 用户、1341 名纯香烟使用者、115 名双重使用者（香烟和 ENDS）和 1846 名过去 30 天内非烟草使用者的尼古丁、3 种金属、2 种烟草特异性亚硝胺和 14 种与吸烟相关的挥发性有机化合物的暴露生物标志物（BOE）水平，调整了人口统计学因素。ENDS 用户和双重使用者的尼古丁暴露与吸烟者没有显著差异。在 ENDS 用户中，18 种其他 BOEs 中有 16 种明显低于吸烟者；9 种 BOEs 与非使用者无显著差异。在每日吸烟少于 10 支的双重使用者中，18 种非尼古丁 BOEs 中有 15 种明显低于吸烟者，而在每日吸烟超过 10 支的双重使用者中，没有一种 BOEs 与吸烟者有显著差异。在这个具有代表性的美国成年人样本中，纯使用 ENDS（与吸烟相比）与许多与吸烟相关疾病相关的有害化学物质的暴露量明显较低有关。双重使用者的 BOE 水平与其香烟消费直接相关。这些 BOE 数据提供了进一步的证据，表明 ENDS 使使用者暴露于毒性物质的水平明显低于可燃香烟，证实了它们减少危害的潜力。
