Gardner Jessica, Brown Gabriel, Vargas-Correa Jadisha, Weaver Frances, Rubinstein Israel, Gordon Howard S
Jesse Brown Veterans Affairs Medical Center, 820 S. Damen Ave (151), Chicago, IL, 60612, USA.
VA Center of Innovation for Complex Chronic Healthcare, Chicago, IL, USA.
BMC Infect Dis. 2022 Mar 29;22(1):308. doi: 10.1186/s12879-022-07269-7.
While several safe and effective COVID-19 vaccines have been available since December 2020, many eligible individuals choose to remain unvaccinated. This vaccine hesitancy is an important factor affecting our ability to combat the COVID-19 pandemic.
The objective of the study was to examine the attitudes and willingness among US Veterans toward receiving COVID-19 vaccination. The study used a quantitative qualitative mixed methods design with a telephone survey and then in-depth interviews in a subset of those surveyed. Participants were unvaccinated Veterans (N = 184) selected randomly from a registry of patients who had received VA healthcare during the pandemic and had a diagnostic test for COVID-19. The primary outcome was willingness to accept COVID-19 vaccination. Survey data collection and in-depth interviews were conducted by telephone. Analyses of the survey data compared the primary outcome with demographics, clinical data, and survey responses using bivariate and multiple regression analyses. A subset (N = 10) of those surveyed, participated in an in-depth interview. Interview transcripts were analyzed to derive themes using qualitative content analysis.
Almost 40% of participants disagreed they would receive a COVID-19 vaccine. Participants who were younger, female, and had fewer comorbid conditions were more likely (P < 0.05) to disagree with COVID-19 vaccination. In multiple regression analysis, willingness to accept vaccination was associated with reliance on a doctor or family member's recommendation and with a belief that vaccines are effective. In-depth interviews revealed several barriers to COVID-19 vaccination, including lack of trust in the government and vaccine manufacturers, concerns about the speed of vaccine development, fear of side effects, and fear the vaccine was a tool of racism.
This study illustrates the complexity of patients' deliberation about COVID-19 vaccination and may help physicians and other health care providers understand patients' perspectives about COVID-19 vaccination. The results highlight the importance of patients' trust in physicians, healthcare organizations, pharmaceutical manufacturers and the government when making health decisions.
自2020年12月以来，已有几种安全有效的新冠疫苗可供使用，但许多符合条件的人仍选择不接种。这种疫苗犹豫是影响我们抗击新冠疫情能力的一个重要因素。
本研究的目的是调查美国退伍军人对接种新冠疫苗的态度和意愿。该研究采用定量定性混合方法设计，先进行电话调查，然后对部分受访者进行深入访谈。参与者是从疫情期间接受退伍军人事务部（VA）医疗保健且进行过新冠病毒诊断检测的患者登记册中随机选取的未接种疫苗的退伍军人（N = 184）。主要结果是接受新冠疫苗接种的意愿。通过电话进行调查数据收集和深入访谈。对调查数据的分析使用双变量和多元回归分析，将主要结果与人口统计学、临床数据和调查回复进行比较。部分受访者（N = 10）参与了深入访谈。使用定性内容分析法对访谈记录进行分析以得出主题。
近40%的参与者不同意接种新冠疫苗。年龄较小、女性且合并症较少的参与者更有可能（P < 0.05）不同意接种新冠疫苗。在多元回归分析中，接受疫苗接种的意愿与依赖医生或家庭成员的建议以及相信疫苗有效有关。深入访谈揭示了新冠疫苗接种的几个障碍，包括对政府和疫苗制造商缺乏信任、对疫苗研发速度的担忧、对副作用的恐惧以及担心疫苗是种族主义工具。
本研究说明了患者在考虑新冠疫苗接种时的复杂性，可能有助于医生和其他医疗保健提供者了解患者对新冠疫苗接种的看法。结果强调了患者在做出健康决策时对医生、医疗机构、制药商和政府信任的重要性。
