Olamiju Francisca, Isiyaku Sunday, Olobio Nicholas, Mogaji Hammed, Achu Ijeoma, Muhammad Nasiru, Boyd Sarah, Bakhtiari Ana, Ebenezer Apake, Jimenez Cristina, Solomon Anthony W, Harding-Esch Emma M, Mpyet Caleb D
Mission To Save The Helpless (MITOSATH), Jos, Nigeria.
Sightsavers, Nigeria Country Office, Kaduna, Nigeria.
Ophthalmic Epidemiol. 2023 Dec;30(6):619-627. doi: 10.1080/09286586.2022.2045025. Epub 2022 Mar 30.
In 2019-2020, one round of antibiotic mass drug administration (MDA) was implemented for trachoma elimination purposes in Donga, Gashaka, and Ussa local government areas (LGAs) of Taraba State, Nigeria, following baseline surveys in 2009 (Donga and Gashaka) and 2013-2014 (Ussa). Here, trachoma prevalence post-MDA in these three LGAs is reported.
In 2019 (Gashaka and Ussa) and 2020 (Donga), population-based, cross-sectional surveys were conducted following World Health Organization (WHO) guidance. A two-stage cluster sampling strategy was used. All residents of selected households aged ≥1 year were examined by Tropical Data-certified graders for trachomatous inflammation-follicular (TF) and trachomatous trichiasis (TT) using the WHO simplified trachoma grading scheme. Data on water, sanitation, and hygiene (WASH) access were also collected.
A total of 1,883 households participated. From these households, 4,885 children aged 1-9 years were enumerated, and 4,866 (99.6%) examined. There were 5,050 eligible adults (aged ≥15 years) enumerated in the same households, of whom 4,888 (96.8%) were examined. Age-adjusted TF prevalence in children aged 1-9 years was 0.22% (95% CI: 0.00-0.65) in Donga, 0.0% in Gashaka, and 0.19% (95% CI: 0.00-0.44) in Ussa. The age- and gender-adjusted TT prevalence unknown to the health system in adults aged ≥15 years was 0.08% (95% CI: 0.00-0.19) in Donga, 0.02% (95% CI: 0.00-0.06) in Gashaka, and 0.10% (95% CI: 0.01-0.18) in Ussa. In Donga, Gashaka, and Ussa, respectively, 66%, 49% and 63% of households had access to an improved drinking water source, and 68%, 56% and 29% had access to an improved latrine.
In all LGAs, the elimination thresholds for TF and TT unknown to the health system have been attained in the target age groups. These LGAs should be re-surveyed after 2 years to show that reductions in TF prevalence have been sustained in the absence of MDA. Health authorities should continue to improve WASH facilities to reduce the risk of later recrudescence.
2019 - 2020年，在2009年（东加和加沙卡）以及2013 - 2014年（乌萨）进行基线调查之后，尼日利亚塔拉巴州的东加、加沙卡和乌萨地方政府辖区为了消除沙眼开展了一轮抗生素群体给药（MDA）。在此报告这三个地方政府辖区MDA后的沙眼患病率。
2019年（加沙卡和乌萨）以及2020年（东加），按照世界卫生组织（WHO）的指导开展了基于人群的横断面调查。采用两阶段整群抽样策略。选定家庭中所有年龄≥1岁的居民由热带数据认证的分级人员按照WHO简化沙眼分级方案检查沙眼滤泡性炎症（TF）和沙眼倒睫（TT）。还收集了关于水、环境卫生和个人卫生（WASH）获取情况的数据。
共有1883户家庭参与。在这些家庭中，登记了4885名1 - 9岁儿童，检查了4866名（99.6%）。在同一家庭中登记了5050名符合条件的成年人（年龄≥15岁），其中4888名（96.8%）接受了检查。东加1 - 9岁儿童经年龄调整后的TF患病率为0.22%（95%CI：0.00 - 0.65），加沙卡为0.0%，乌萨为0.19%（95%CI：0.00 - 0.44）。15岁及以上成年人中卫生系统未知的经年龄和性别调整后的TT患病率在东加为0.08%（95%CI：0.00 - 0.19），在加沙卡为0.02%（95%CI：0.00 - 0.06），在乌萨为0.10%（95%CI：0.01 - 0.18）。在东加、加沙卡和乌萨，分别有66%、49%和63%的家庭能够获取改善的饮用水源，68%、56%和29%的家庭能够使用改善的厕所。
在所有地方政府辖区，目标年龄组中卫生系统未知的TF和TT消除阈值已经达到。这些地方政府辖区应在2年后重新进行调查，以表明在没有MDA的情况下TF患病率的降低一直持续。卫生当局应继续改善WASH设施，以降低后期复发的风险。
