单独使用和联合使用咪达唑仑、哌替啶、吗啡、曲马多和美沙酮对山羊镇静和生理效应的比较评价。
Comparative evaluation of the sedative and physiological effects of medetomidine alone and in combination with pethidine, morphine, tramadol, and methadone in goats.
机构信息
Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman, Kerman, Iran.
出版信息
Vet Med Sci. 2022 Jul;8(4):1664-1670. doi: 10.1002/vms3.806. Epub 2022 Mar 30.
BACKGROUND
The use of combinations of α -adrenergic agonists and opioids has been published as providing superior sedation than either drug alone.
INTRODUCTION
The present study aims to compare the sedative and physiological effects of intravenous (IV) administration of medetomidine alone and in combination with methadone, morphine, tramadol, and pethidine in goats.
METHODS
Ten healthy goats aged 12 ± 3 months and weight of 22 ± 4 kg were used in an experimental, crossover (Latin square), randomized, and blinded study. The animals were assigned to five IV treatments with a minimum washout period of 8 days between treatments: medetomidine (20 μg kg ), medetomidine/methadone (0.5 mg kg ), medetomidine/morphine (0.5 mg kg ), medetomidine/tramadol (5 mg kg ), and medetomidine/pethidine (1 mg kg ).
RESULTS
Clinical adverse effects such as tremors (facial and generalized), bruxism, nystagmus, mydriasis, and vocalization were presented in all the medetomidine/opioid treatments. Clinical adverse effects were observed at 10-90 minutes in medetomidine/opioid treatments. Animals in all treatments were sedated at 5-90 minutes. Sedation was significantly higher in medetomidine/opioid treatments than in medetomidine at 15-30 minutes after administration (P < 0.05). In all treatments, heart rate and respiratory rate significantly decreased from baseline at 5-105 and 30-60 minutes, respectively. There was no significant difference in heart and respiratory rates between different treatments at any time point. Ruminal motility was decreased in medetomidine and medetomidine/opioid treatments at 10-75 and 10-105 minutes, respectively. Compared with medetomidine, ruminal motility was significantly lower in medetomidine/opioid treatments at 75-105 minutes.
CONCLUSION
The use of combinations of medetomidine/opioids would be considered for superior sedation at 15-30 minutes after administration in goats. No significant differences were detected among opioids in combination with medetomidine in goats.
背景
已有研究表明，与单独使用α-肾上腺素能激动剂或阿片类药物相比，联合使用这两种药物可提供更好的镇静效果。
目的
本研究旨在比较单独静脉（IV）给予美托咪定以及与甲啡烷、吗啡、曲马多和哌替啶联合使用时对山羊的镇静和生理效应。
方法
10 只 12±3 月龄、体重 22±4kg 的健康山羊采用实验性、交叉（拉丁方）、随机、双盲研究设计。将动物分配至 5 种 IV 处理组，每种处理组之间至少有 8 天的洗脱期：美托咪定（20μg/kg）、美托咪定/甲啡烷（0.5mg/kg）、美托咪定/吗啡（0.5mg/kg）、美托咪定/曲马多（5mg/kg）和美托咪定/哌替啶（1mg/kg）。
结果
所有美托咪定/阿片类药物处理组均出现震颤（面部和全身）、磨牙症、眼球震颤、散瞳和发声等临床不良反应。美托咪定/阿片类药物处理组在 10-90 分钟时出现临床不良反应。所有处理组的动物在 5-90 分钟时镇静。与美托咪定相比，美托咪定/阿片类药物在给药后 15-30 分钟时镇静作用显著升高（P<0.05）。在所有处理组中，心率和呼吸频率在 5-105 分钟和 30-60 分钟时均较基线显著下降。在任何时间点，不同处理组之间的心率和呼吸率均无显著差异。在美托咪定和美托咪定/阿片类药物处理组中，瘤胃蠕动分别在 10-75 分钟和 10-105 分钟时减弱。与美托咪定相比，美托咪定/阿片类药物在 75-105 分钟时的瘤胃蠕动显著降低。
结论
在山羊中，与单独使用美托咪定相比，联合使用美托咪定/阿片类药物在给药后 15-30 分钟时可提供更好的镇静效果。在山羊中，美托咪定与阿片类药物联合使用时，未发现各阿片类药物之间存在显著差异。
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