Nieto-Ruiz Ana, García-Santos José A, Verdejo-Román Juan, Diéguez Estefanía, Sepúlveda-Valbuena Natalia, Herrmann Florian, Cerdó Tomás, De-Castellar Roser, Jiménez Jesús, Bermúdez Mercedes G, Pérez-García Miguel, Miranda M Teresa, López-Sabater M Carmen, Catena Andrés, Campoy Cristina
Department of Paediatrics, School of Medicine, University of Granada, Granada, Spain.
Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria (ibs.GRANADA), Health Sciences Technological Park, Granada, Spain.
Front Nutr. 2022 Mar 9;9:820224. doi: 10.3389/fnut.2022.820224. eCollection 2022.
Adequate nutrient intake during the first few months of life plays a critical role on brain structure and function development.
To analyze the long-term effects of an experimental infant formula (EF) on neurocognitive function and brain structure in healthy children aged 6 years compared to those fed with a standard infant formula or breastfed.
The current study involved 108 healthy children aged 6 years and participating in the COGNIS Study. At 0-2 months, infants were randomized to receive up to 18 months of life a standard infant formula (SF) or EF enriched with milk fat globule membrane (MFGM), long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LC-PUFAs) and synbiotics. Furthermore, a reference group of breastfed (BF) infants were also recruited. Children were assessed using neurocognitive tests and structural Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) at 6 years old.
Experimental infant formula (EF) children showed greater volumes in the left orbital cortex, higher vocabulary scores and IQ, and better performance in an attention task than BF children. EF children also presented greater volumes in parietal regions than SF kids. Additionally, greater cortical thickness in the insular, parietal, and temporal areas were found in children from the EF group than those fed with SF or BF groups. Further correlation analyses suggest that higher volumes and cortical thickness of different parietal and frontal regions are associated with better cognitive development in terms of language (verbal comprehension) and executive function (working memory). Finally, arachidonic acid (ARA), adrenic acid (AdA), docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) levels in cheek cell glycerophospholipids, ARA/DHA ratio, and protein, fatty acid, and mineral intake during the first 18 months of life seem to be associated with changes in the brain structures at 6 years old.
Supplemented infant formula with MFGM components, LC-PUFAs, and synbiotics seems to be associated to long-term effects on neurocognitive development and brain structure in children at 6 years old.
https://www.clinicaltrials.gov/, identifier: NCT02094547.
生命最初几个月充足的营养摄入对大脑结构和功能发育起着关键作用。
与喂养标准婴儿配方奶粉或母乳喂养的儿童相比，分析一种实验性婴儿配方奶粉（EF）对6岁健康儿童神经认知功能和脑结构的长期影响。
本研究纳入了108名6岁健康儿童，他们参与了认知研究。在0至2个月时，婴儿被随机分配接受长达18个月的标准婴儿配方奶粉（SF）或富含乳脂肪球膜（MFGM）、长链多不饱和脂肪酸（LC-PUFAs）和合生元的实验性婴儿配方奶粉。此外，还招募了一组母乳喂养（BF）婴儿作为参照组。儿童在6岁时通过神经认知测试和结构磁共振成像（MRI）进行评估。
与母乳喂养儿童相比，食用实验性婴儿配方奶粉（EF）的儿童左眶皮质体积更大、词汇得分和智商更高，且在注意力任务中的表现更好。与食用标准婴儿配方奶粉的儿童相比，食用EF的儿童顶叶区域体积也更大。此外，与食用SF或BF的儿童相比，EF组儿童的岛叶、顶叶和颞叶区域皮质厚度更大。进一步的相关性分析表明，不同顶叶和额叶区域更高的体积和皮质厚度与语言（言语理解）和执行功能（工作记忆）方面更好的认知发展相关。最后，颊细胞甘油磷脂中的花生四烯酸（ARA）、肾上腺酸（AdA）、二十二碳六烯酸（DHA）水平、ARA/DHA比值以及生命最初18个月的蛋白质、脂肪酸和矿物质摄入量似乎与6岁时脑结构的变化有关。
添加了MFGM成分、LC-PUFAs和合生元的婴儿配方奶粉似乎与6岁儿童神经认知发育和脑结构的长期影响有关。
