Institute of Collective Health at the Federal University of Bahia (ISC-UFBA), Salvador, Bahia, Brazil,Faculty of Medicine, Pitágoras Campus, Eunápolis (FMPE), Eunápolis, Bahia, Brazil,Post-Graduate Program in Nursing and Health at the Federal University of Bahia (PPGENFS-UFBA), Salvador, Bahia, Brazil.
Medicine (Baltimore). 2022 Mar 18;101(11). doi: 10.1097/MD.0000000000028991.
To determine the prevalence of prehypertension (PH) and hypertension (AH) in quilombola children and adolescents, as well as to analyze sociodemographic, behavioral, and health characteristics.Prevalence study conducted in random samples of quilombola children and adolescents from 06 to 19 years of age, in remaining quilombo communities in Cachoeira-Bahia. Identification, sociodemographic, behavioral, anthropometric, and blood pressure (BP) data were used. Descriptive analyses of the variables of interest were performed based on absolute (N) and included frequencies (percentage, prevalence). Pearson's Chi-square (χ2) and Fisher Exact tests determined possible differences.Of the 668 participants, 54.3% were children, 51.2% were male, and 29.4% presented alterations in BP. PH and AH were found in 12.7% and 14.3% of the children, respectively; for adolescents, these values were 12.5% and 15.4%, respectively. No statistically significant difference was found between the prevalence of AH in the 2 population groups, nor between the PH measurements. Most families reported a low socioeconomic status. Among children, 6.6% were underweight, 14.6% were overweight, 10.7% were obese, 12.7% presented a Waist-to-Height Ratio (WHtR) > 0.5; 70.1% were inactive and 88.4% had a sedentary lifestyle; 5.6% of the adolescents were underweight, 12.8% were overweight, 9.2% were obese, 11.5% presented a WHtR > 0.5; 78% were inactive and 92.1% had a sedentary lifestyle. Normotensive children and adolescents, and those with alterations in BP differed only in terms of the Body Mass Index (P = .007) and WHtR (P < .001). The consumption of unhealthy foods was high.The high prevalence of PH and AH, as well as of exposure to potential risk factors for AH in quilombola children and adolescents, reveals a worrisome situation, and demands further studies to identify risk factors for this disease and the need for interventions beyond the health sector, especially as regards disease prevention and control in the early stages of life, aiming to reduce its prevalence as adults.
为了确定 quilombola 儿童和青少年的高血压前期 (PH) 和高血压 (AH) 的流行率，并分析社会人口学、行为和健康特征。在巴伊亚州考塞埃拉的剩余 quilombo 社区中，对 6 至 19 岁的 quilombola 儿童和青少年进行了随机样本的流行率研究。收集了身份识别、社会人口学、行为、人体测量和血压 (BP) 数据。根据绝对（N）和包含频率（百分比、流行率）对感兴趣的变量进行描述性分析。Pearson's Chi-square（χ2）和 Fisher Exact 检验确定了可能的差异。在 668 名参与者中，54.3%是儿童，51.2%是男性，29.4%的血压发生了变化。分别发现儿童的 PH 和 AH 发生率为 12.7%和 14.3%；青少年的相应值分别为 12.5%和 15.4%。在这两个人群组中，AH 的患病率没有统计学差异，PH 测量也没有差异。大多数家庭报告社会经济地位较低。在儿童中，6.6%体重不足，14.6%超重，10.7%肥胖，12.7%的腰高比（WHtR）>0.5；70.1%不活跃，88.4%生活方式久坐不动；5.6%的青少年体重不足，12.8%超重，9.2%肥胖，11.5%的 WHtR>0.5；78%不活跃，92.1%生活方式久坐不动。血压正常的儿童和青少年以及血压异常的儿童和青少年仅在体重指数（P=0.007）和 WHtR（P<0.001）方面存在差异。不健康食品的消费很高。quilombola 儿童和青少年中 PH 和 AH 的高患病率以及 AH 的潜在危险因素暴露情况令人担忧，这需要进一步的研究来确定该疾病的危险因素，并需要超越卫生部门的干预措施，特别是在生命早期进行疾病预防和控制，以降低成年后的患病率。
