Molodtseva Anna S, Makunin Alexey I, Salomashkina Valentina V, Kichigin Ilya G, Vorobieva Nadezhda V, Vasiliev Sergey K, Shunkov Mikhail V, Tishkin Alexey A, Grushin Sergey P, Anijalg Peeter, Tammeleht Egle, Keis Marju, Boeskorov Gennady G, Mamaev Nikolai, Okhlopkov Innokenty M, Kryukov Alexey P, Lyapunova Elena A, Kholodova Marina V, Seryodkin Ivan V, Saarma Urmas, Trifonov Vladimir A, Graphodatsky Alexander S
Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia.
A. N. Severtsov Institute of Ecology and Evolution, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia.
Biol J Linn Soc Lond. 2022 Feb 25;135(4):722-733. doi: 10.1093/biolinnean/blac009. eCollection 2022 Apr.
The brown bear () is an iconic carnivoran species of the Northern Hemisphere. Its population history has been studied extensively using mitochondrial markers, which demonstrated signatures of multiple waves of migration, arguably connected with glaciation periods. Among Eurasian brown bears, Siberian populations remain understudied. We have sequenced complete mitochondrial genomes of four ancient (~4.5-40 kya) bears from South Siberia and 19 modern bears from South Siberia and the Russian Far East. Reconstruction of phylogenetic relationships between haplotypes and evaluation of modern population structure have demonstrated that all the studied samples belong to the most widespread Eurasian clade 3. One of the ancient haplotypes takes a basal position relative to the whole of clade 3; the second is basal to the haplogroup 3a (the most common subclade), and two others belong to clades 3a1 and 3b. Modern Siberian bears retain at least some of this diversity; apart from the most common haplogroup 3a, we demonstrate the presence of clade 3b, which was previously found mainly in mainland Eurasia and Northern Japan. Our findings highlight the importance of South Siberia as a refugium for northern Eurasian brown bears and further corroborate the hypothesis of several waves of migration in the Pleistocene.
棕熊（）是北半球一种具有代表性的食肉动物。其种群历史已通过线粒体标记进行了广泛研究，这些研究表明存在多波迁徙的迹象，这可以说是与冰川期有关。在欧亚棕熊中，西伯利亚种群的研究仍较少。我们对来自南西伯利亚的四只古代（约4.5 - 4万年前）熊以及来自南西伯利亚和俄罗斯远东地区的19只现代熊的线粒体基因组进行了测序。单倍型之间系统发育关系的重建以及现代种群结构的评估表明，所有研究样本都属于分布最广的欧亚分支3。其中一个古代单倍型相对于整个分支3处于基部位置；第二个相对于单倍群3a（最常见的亚分支）处于基部位置，另外两个属于分支3a1和3b。现代西伯利亚熊至少保留了部分这种多样性；除了最常见的单倍群3a，我们还证明了分支3b的存在，该分支此前主要在欧亚大陆和日本北部被发现。我们的研究结果凸显了南西伯利亚作为欧亚北部棕熊避难所的重要性，并进一步证实了更新世时期多波迁徙的假说。
