Mattsson Markus, Fernee Carina Ribe, Pärnänen Kanerva, Lyytinen Pekka
The Foundation for the Rehabilitation of Children and Young People, The Mannerheim League for Child Welfare, Turku, Finland.
Department of Child and Adolescent Mental Health, Sørlandet Hospital HE, Kristiansand, Norway.
Front Psychol. 2022 Mar 14;13:768614. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.768614. eCollection 2022.
Mentalization-based family therapy and family rehabilitation represent a rich variety of approaches for assisting families with difficult interaction patterns. On the other hand, adventure therapy methods have been successfully used with families to offer them empowering experiences of succeeding together against difficult odds and to improve communication between family members. Further, the health promoting qualities of spending time outdoors are now well established and recognized. The Nordic approach to mentalization-based family rehabilitation combines adventure, outdoor, and systemic therapy. We provide three examples of nature-based family rehabilitation practices that are delivered as brief, multi-family psychological interventions taking place in nearby nature and aiming to support sustainable, systemic change. The current contribution is a description of clinical practice, not a systematic review or a formal evaluation. We propose that recontextualizing mentalization-based family rehabilitation to the outdoors can not only provide added health benefits, but also strengthen intra-familial attuned interaction and emotional connectedness. The outdoor adventure provides the families with embodied, multisensory experiences of verbal and, especially, non-verbal interaction that can be usefully examined through the lens of theory of mentalization. The concreteness of adventure experiences is particularly beneficial for families that have difficulties in verbal communication and/or utilizing executive functions, perhaps due to neuropsychiatric traits, intellectual disabilities, or learning difficulties. Furthermore, outdoor adventure can support the participants' connectedness to nature.
基于心理化的家庭治疗和家庭康复代表了多种帮助存在困难互动模式家庭的方法。另一方面，冒险治疗方法已成功应用于家庭，为他们提供共同战胜重重困难取得成功的赋能体验，并改善家庭成员之间的沟通。此外，在户外度过时光对健康的促进作用现已得到充分证实和认可。北欧基于心理化的家庭康复方法结合了冒险、户外和系统治疗。我们提供了三个基于自然的家庭康复实践案例，这些实践作为简短的多家庭心理干预在附近的自然环境中进行，旨在支持可持续的系统性改变。本文是对临床实践的描述，而非系统综述或正式评估。我们认为，将基于心理化的家庭康复置于户外环境中，不仅能带来额外的健康益处，还能加强家庭内部协调的互动和情感联系。户外冒险为家庭提供了言语尤其是非言语互动的具体、多感官体验，这些体验可以通过心理化理论的视角进行有益的审视。冒险体验的具体性对那些可能因神经精神特质、智力残疾或学习困难而在言语沟通和/或运用执行功能方面存在困难的家庭尤其有益。此外，户外冒险可以支持参与者与自然的联系。
