Institute of Bioengineering, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, China.
Department of Clinical Medicine, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University City College, Hangzhou, China.
Biomed J. 2022 Aug;45(4):580-593. doi: 10.1016/j.bj.2022.03.012. Epub 2022 Mar 29.
Long noncoding RNAs (LncRNAs) is a class of RNA molecules that are more than 200bp but cannot be translated into proteins. More and more studies have proved that lncRNA plays a crucial role in various biological functions and disease processes, including virus infection. It's worth noting that studies have also shown that lncRNAs play an essential role in the pathogenesis of human immunodeficiency virus 1 (HIV-1), one of the lethal virus that can destroy immune system. Although lncRNA-mediated gene regulation involves a variety of mechanisms, such as transcription regulation, translation regulation, protein modification, and the formation of RNA-protein complexes, in this review, we primarily focus on the role of lncRNAs in HIV-1 transcription regulation, which is one of the most important mechanisms that control the activation and development of HIV-1. This review also briefly summarizes the latest research progress of lncRNAs related to HIV-1 infection and its potential application in HIV-1 therapy. Although there are antiretroviral drugs that interfere with the function of HIV-1 virus-encoded proteins, this treatment for the HIV-1 virus is limited by its ability to produce drug resistance. Hence, a further understanding of HIV-1 transcription regulation by lncRNAs might help develop non-traditional antiviral therapy strategies.
长链非编码 RNA（lncRNA）是一类 RNA 分子，长度超过 200bp，但不能翻译成蛋白质。越来越多的研究证明，lncRNA 在各种生物功能和疾病过程中发挥着关键作用，包括病毒感染。值得注意的是，研究还表明，lncRNA 在人类免疫缺陷病毒 1（HIV-1）的发病机制中起着至关重要的作用，HIV-1 是一种致命的病毒，可以破坏免疫系统。虽然 lncRNA 介导的基因调控涉及多种机制，如转录调控、翻译调控、蛋白质修饰和 RNA-蛋白质复合物的形成，但在本综述中，我们主要关注 lncRNA 在 HIV-1 转录调控中的作用，这是控制 HIV-1 激活和发展的最重要机制之一。本综述还简要总结了与 HIV-1 感染相关的 lncRNA 的最新研究进展及其在 HIV-1 治疗中的潜在应用。尽管有抗逆转录病毒药物可以干扰 HIV-1 病毒编码蛋白的功能，但这种针对 HIV-1 病毒的治疗方法受到其产生耐药性的能力的限制。因此，进一步了解 lncRNA 对 HIV-1 转录的调控可能有助于开发非传统的抗病毒治疗策略。
