Nanodelivery Systems and Devices Branch, Cancer Imaging Program, Division of Cancer Treatment and Diagnosis, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD, USA.
Cancer Metastasis Rev. 2022 Jun;41(2):383-404. doi: 10.1007/s10555-022-10025-7. Epub 2022 Apr 2.
Cancer, especially when it has metastasized to different locations in the body, is notoriously difficult to treat. Metastatic cancer accounts for most cancer deaths and thus remains an enormous challenge. During the metastasis process, cancer cells negotiate a series of steps termed the "metastatic cascadeˮ that offer potential for developing anti-metastatic therapy strategies. Currently available conventional treatment and diagnostic methods addressing metastasis come with their own pitfalls and roadblocks. In this contribution, we comprehensively discuss the potential improvements that nanotechnology-aided approaches are able to bring, either alone or in combination with the existing conventional techniques, to the identification and treatment of metastatic disease. We tie specific nanotechnology-aided strategies to the complex biology of the different steps of the metastatic cascade in order to open up new avenues for fine-tuned targeting and development of anti-metastatic agents designed specifically to prevent or mitigate the metastatic outgrowth of cancer. We also present a viewpoint on the progress of translation of nanotechnology into cancer metastasis patient care.
癌症，特别是转移到身体不同部位的癌症，治疗起来非常困难。转移性癌症是癌症死亡的主要原因，因此仍然是一个巨大的挑战。在转移过程中，癌细胞会经历一系列被称为“转移级联”的步骤，这为开发抗转移治疗策略提供了潜力。目前，针对转移的常规治疗和诊断方法都存在自身的缺陷和障碍。在这篇综述中，我们全面讨论了纳米技术辅助方法能够带来的潜在改进，无论是单独使用还是与现有的常规技术结合使用，都能够用于识别和治疗转移性疾病。我们将特定的纳米技术辅助策略与转移级联的不同步骤的复杂生物学联系起来，以便为精细靶向和开发专门用于预防或减轻癌症转移生长的抗转移药物开辟新途径。我们还就纳米技术转化为癌症转移患者治疗的进展提出了观点。
