全球 COVID-19 疫苗政策、覆盖范围和需求的多样性：描述性研究。

Global diversity of policy, coverage, and demand of COVID-19 vaccines: a descriptive study.

机构信息

School of Public Health, Fudan University, Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety, Ministry of Education, Shanghai, 200032, China.

Shanghai Institute of Infectious Disease and Biosecurity, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.

出版信息

BMC Med. 2022 Apr 4;20(1):130. doi: 10.1186/s12916-022-02333-0.

DOI:10.1186/s12916-022-02333-0

PMID:35369871

原文链接:https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8977121/

Abstract

BACKGROUND

Hundreds of millions of doses of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccines have been administered globally, but progress on vaccination varies considerably between countries. We aimed to provide an overall picture of COVID-19 vaccination campaigns, including policy, coverage, and demand of COVID-19 vaccines.

METHODS

We conducted a descriptive study of vaccination policy and doses administered data obtained from multiple public sources as of 8 February 2022. We used these data to develop coverage indicators and explore associations of vaccine coverage with socioeconomic and healthcare-related factors. We estimated vaccine demand as numbers of doses required to complete vaccination of countries' target populations according to their national immunization program policies.

RESULTS

Messenger RNA and adenovirus vectored vaccines were the most commonly used COVID-19 vaccines in high-income countries, while adenovirus vectored vaccines were the most widely used vaccines worldwide (180 countries). One hundred ninety-two countries have authorized vaccines for the general public, with 40.1% (77/192) targeting individuals over 12 years and 32.3% (62/192) targeting those ≥ 5 years. Forty-eight and 151 countries have started additional-dose and booster-dose vaccination programs, respectively. Globally, there have been 162.1 doses administered per 100 individuals in target populations, with marked inter-region and inter-country heterogeneity. Completed vaccination series coverage ranged from 0.1% to more than 95.0% of country target populations, and numbers of doses administered per 100 individuals in target populations ranged from 0.2 to 308.6. Doses administered per 100 individuals in whole populations correlated with healthcare access and quality index (R = 0.59), socio-demographic index (R = 0.52), and gross domestic product per capita (R = 0.61). At least 6.4 billion doses will be required to complete interim vaccination programs-3.3 billion for primary immunization and 3.1 billion for additional/booster programs. Globally, 0.53 and 0.74 doses per individual in target populations are needed for primary immunization and additional/booster dose programs, respectively.

CONCLUSIONS

There is wide country-level disparity and inequity in COVID-19 vaccines rollout, suggesting large gaps in immunity, especially in low-income countries.

摘要

背景

全球已接种数亿剂新型冠状病毒病 2019（COVID-19）疫苗，但各国在疫苗接种方面的进展差异很大。本研究旨在全面了解 COVID-19 疫苗接种运动，包括疫苗接种政策、覆盖范围和需求。

方法

我们对截至 2022 年 2 月 8 日从多个公共来源获得的疫苗接种政策和接种剂量数据进行了描述性研究。我们使用这些数据来开发覆盖范围指标，并探讨疫苗覆盖率与社会经济和医疗保健相关因素的关联。我们根据国家免疫规划政策估计了完成目标人群疫苗接种所需的疫苗剂量，以估算疫苗需求。

结果

在高收入国家，信使 RNA 和腺病毒载体疫苗是最常用的 COVID-19 疫苗，而腺病毒载体疫苗在全球范围内使用最广泛（180 个国家）。192 个国家已批准为公众使用疫苗，其中 40.1%（77/192）的目标人群为 12 岁以上人群，32.3%（62/192）的目标人群为 5 岁以上人群。48 个国家和 151 个国家分别启动了加强针和加强针接种计划。全球目标人群中每 100 人接种 162.1 剂，区域和国家间差异显著。完成疫苗接种系列的覆盖率范围为目标人群的 0.1%至 95.0%以上，每 100 人接种的疫苗剂量范围为 0.2 至 308.6。总人口中每 100 人接种的疫苗剂量与医疗可及性和质量指数（R = 0.59）、社会人口指数（R = 0.52）和人均国内生产总值（R = 0.61）呈正相关。完成临时疫苗接种计划至少需要 64 亿剂-33 亿剂用于初级免疫，31 亿剂用于加强/加强程序。全球目标人群中每人分别需要 0.53 和 0.74 剂用于初级免疫和加强/加强剂量计划。