Rupprecht Charles E, Mani Reeta S, Mshelbwala Philip P, Recuenco Sergio E, Ward Michael P
LYSSA LLC, Atlanta, GA USA.
School of Forestry and Wildlife Sciences, Auburn University, Auburn, AL USA.
Curr Trop Med Rep. 2022;9(1):28-39. doi: 10.1007/s40475-022-00257-6. Epub 2022 Mar 28.
Rabies is an ancient yet still neglected tropical disease (NTD). This review focuses upon highlights of recent research and peer-reviewed communications on the underestimated tropical burden of disease and its management due to the complicated dynamics of virulent viral species, diverse mammalian reservoirs, and tens of millions of exposed humans and animals - and how laboratory-based surveillance at each level informs upon pathogen spread and risks of transmission, for targeted prevention and control.
While both human and rabies animal cases in enzootic areas over the past 5 years were reported to PAHO/WHO and OIE by member countries, still there is a huge gap between these "official" data and the need for enhanced surveillance efforts to meet global program goals.
A review of the complex aspects of rabies perpetuation in human, domestic animal, and wildlife communities, coupled with a high fatality rate despite the existence of efficacious biologics (but no therapeutics), warrants the need for a One Health approach toward detection via improved laboratory-based surveillance, with focal management at the viral source. More effective methods to prevent the spread of rabies from enzootic to free zones are needed.
狂犬病是一种古老却仍被忽视的热带疾病（NTD）。本综述聚焦于近期研究的要点以及经同行评审的交流内容，这些研究涉及因致病性病毒种类复杂、哺乳动物宿主多样以及数千万暴露的人类和动物所导致的被低估的热带疾病负担及其管理——以及各级基于实验室的监测如何为病原体传播和传播风险提供信息，以进行有针对性的预防和控制。
过去5年，动物源性疾病流行地区的人类和狂犬病动物病例均由成员国向泛美卫生组织/世界卫生组织及世界动物卫生组织报告，但这些“官方”数据与加强监测以实现全球项目目标的需求之间仍存在巨大差距。
对狂犬病在人类、家畜和野生动物群体中持续存在的复杂情况进行综述，再加上尽管有有效的生物制品（但无治疗方法），其致死率仍很高，这就需要采取“同一健康”方法，通过改进基于实验室的监测进行检测，并在病毒源头进行重点管理。需要更有效的方法来防止狂犬病从动物源性疾病流行地区传播到非流行地区。
