Ouattara Balkissa S, Puvvula Jagadeesh, Abadi Azar, Munde Siddhi, Kolok Alan S, Bartelt-Hunt Shannon, Bell Jesse E, Wichman Christopher S, Rogan Eleanor
Department of Environmental, Agricultural and Occupational Health College of Public Health University of Nebraska Medical Center Omaha NE USA.
Idaho Water Resources Research Institute University of Idaho Moscow ID USA.
Geohealth. 2022 Feb 1;6(2):e2021GH000419. doi: 10.1029/2021GH000419. eCollection 2022 Feb.
This study was conducted to examine, at the county level, the relationship between pediatric cancer incidence rate and atrazine and nitrate mean concentrations in surface and groundwater. A negative binomial regression analysis was performed to investigate the association between central nervous system (CNS) tumors, leukemia, lymphoma, and atrazine and nitrate mean concentrations in groundwater. The age-adjusted brain and other CNS cancer incidence was higher than the national average in 63% of the Nebraska counties. After controlling for the counties socio-economic status and nitrate concentrations in groundwater, counties with groundwater atrazine concentrations above 0.0002 µg/L had a higher incidence rate for pediatric cancers (brain and other CNS, leukemia, and lymphoma) compared to counties with groundwater atrazine concentrations in the reference group (0.0000-0.0002 µg/L). Additionally, compared to counties with groundwater nitrate concentrations between 0 and 2 mg/L (reference group), counties with groundwater nitrate concentrations between 2.1 and 5 mg/L (group 2) had a higher incidence rate for pediatric brain and other CNS cancers (IRR = 8.39; 95% CI: 8.24-8.54), leukemia (IRR = 7.35; 95% CI: 7.22-7.48), and lymphoma (IRR = 5.59; CI: 5.48-5.69) after adjusting for atrazine groundwater concentration and the county socio-economic status. While these findings do not indicate a causal relationship, because other contaminants or cancer risk factors have not been accounted for, they suggest that atrazine and nitrate may pose a risk relative to the genesis of pediatric brain and CNS cancers, leukemia, and lymphoma.
本研究旨在县级层面考察儿童癌症发病率与地表及地下水中阿特拉津和硝酸盐平均浓度之间的关系。进行了负二项回归分析，以研究中枢神经系统（CNS）肿瘤、白血病、淋巴瘤与地下水中阿特拉津和硝酸盐平均浓度之间的关联。在内布拉斯加州63%的县，经年龄调整后的脑癌及其他中枢神经系统癌症发病率高于全国平均水平。在控制了各县的社会经济状况和地下水中硝酸盐浓度后，与参考组（0.0000 - 0.0002µg/L）地下水中阿特拉津浓度的县相比，地下水中阿特拉津浓度高于0.0002µg/L的县儿童癌症（脑癌及其他中枢神经系统癌症、白血病和淋巴瘤）发病率更高。此外，与地下水中硝酸盐浓度在0至2mg/L之间的县（参考组）相比，地下水中硝酸盐浓度在2.1至5mg/L之间的县（第2组）在调整了阿特拉津地下水浓度和各县社会经济状况后，儿童脑癌及其他中枢神经系统癌症（发病率比[IRR]=8.39；95%置信区间[CI]：8.24 - 8.54）、白血病（IRR = 7.35；95% CI：7.22 - 7.48）和淋巴瘤（IRR = 5.59；CI：5.48 - 5.69）的发病率更高。虽然这些发现并不表明存在因果关系，因为未考虑其他污染物或癌症风险因素，但它们表明阿特拉津和硝酸盐可能与儿童脑癌及中枢神经系统癌症、白血病和淋巴瘤的发生存在风险关联。
