Syngenta Proteção de Cultivos Ltda, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.
Syngenta Ltd, Jealotts Hill International Research Station, Bracknell, Berkshire, UK.
Integr Environ Assess Manag. 2023 Jan;19(1):202-212. doi: 10.1002/ieam.4616. Epub 2022 May 3.
In regulatory risk assessment, surrogate species of fish, aquatic invertebrates, and primary producers are tested to assess toxicity and subsequently the risk of pesticides to freshwater biota. This study evaluates whether the standard, surrogate test species (mostly temperate in latitudinal distribution) used in many parts of the world are suitable surrogates for first-tier risk assessments involving tropical freshwater biota. Data for the toxicity of pesticides to tropical fish, invertebrates, and primary producer species were extracted from the USEPA ECOTOX database and peer-reviewed literature. For each pesticide, the most sensitive regulatory endpoint extracted from the US Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) and European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) dossiers for freshwater fish, invertebrates, and primary producers was selected. The ratios of the endpoint for tropical species and for the most sensitive regulatory endpoint for the appropriate taxonomic group were determined. A value >1 indicates that the tropical species is less sensitive than the respective standard regulatory species. Tropical fish species were less sensitive than standard fish species in 84% of the comparisons, and in 93.5% of the comparisons, tropical fish were less or similarly sensitive (within a factor of 5). For aquatic invertebrates, 78.1% of the evaluated tropical species were less sensitive than standard species and 93.3% of tropical invertebrates species were less or similarly sensitive. For primary producers, 96% of tropical species were less sensitive than standard test species. Overall, standard species used globally were more sensitive or similarly sensitive compared to tropical species in more than 93% of the cases. In conclusion, the data show that freshwater toxicity data for pesticides from tests using standard test species, tested according to international accepted guidelines, are appropriate for use in first-tier risk assessments for tropical environments. Integr Environ Assess Manag 2023;19:202-212. © 2022 The Authors. Integrated Environmental Assessment and Management published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of Society of Environmental Toxicology & Chemistry (SETAC).
在监管风险评估中，使用鱼类、水生无脊椎动物和初级生产者的替代物种进行测试，以评估毒性，随后评估农药对淡水生物群的风险。本研究评估了在世界许多地区使用的标准替代测试物种（纬度分布主要为温带）是否适合涉及热带淡水生物群的一级风险评估。从美国环保署（USEPA）的 ECOTOX 数据库和同行评议文献中提取了农药对热带鱼类、无脊椎动物和初级生产者物种的毒性数据。对于每一种农药，从美国环境保护署（USEPA）和欧洲食品安全局（EFSA）的档案中提取了对淡水鱼类、无脊椎动物和初级生产者最敏感的监管终点，并选择了适当分类群的最敏感监管终点。确定了热带物种的终点与适当分类群的最敏感监管终点的比值。如果比值大于 1，则表明热带物种的敏感性低于相应的标准监管物种。在 84%的比较中，热带鱼类的敏感性低于标准鱼类，在 93.5%的比较中，热带鱼类的敏感性较低或相似（在 5 倍以内）。对于水生无脊椎动物，评估的 78.1%的热带物种比标准物种更不敏感，93.3%的热带无脊椎动物物种的敏感性较低或相似。对于初级生产者，96%的热带物种比标准测试物种更不敏感。总体而言，在超过 93%的情况下，全球使用的标准物种比热带物种更敏感或敏感性相似。结论是，数据表明，使用标准测试物种根据国际公认的准则进行测试的农药淡水毒性数据适用于热带环境的一级风险评估。综合环境评估与管理 2023；19:202-212。©2022 作者。综合环境评估与管理由 Wiley 期刊公司代表环境毒理与化学学会（SETAC）出版。
