Biomechatronics and Cognitive Engineering Research Laboratory, School of Mechanical Engineering, Iran University of Science and Technology, Tehran, Iran; Applied Multi-Phase Fluid Dynamics Laboratory, School of Mechanical Engineering, Iran University of Science and Technology, Tehran, Iran.
Biomechatronics and Cognitive Engineering Research Laboratory, School of Mechanical Engineering, Iran University of Science and Technology, Tehran, Iran.
Comput Methods Programs Biomed. 2022 Jun;219:106778. doi: 10.1016/j.cmpb.2022.106778. Epub 2022 Mar 26.
Magnetic drug targeting (MDT) is a promising method to improve the therapy efficiency for cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) and cancers. In MDT, therapeutic agents are bonded to superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticle (SPION) cores and then are guided toward the damaged tissue through a magnetic field. Fundamentally, it's vital to steer the SPIONs to the desired location to increase the capture efficiency at the target lesion. Hence, the present study aims to enhance the drug delivery to the desired branch in a carotid bifurcation. Besides, it is tried to decrement the particles' entry to the unwanted outlet by using four different magnet configurations (with a maximum magnetic flux density of 0.4 T) implanted adjacent to the artery wall. Also, the effect of particles' diameter -ranging from 200 nm to 2 µm- on the drug delivery performance is studied in the four cases.
The Eulerian-Lagrangian approach with one-way coupling is employed for numerical simulation of the problem using the finite element method (FEM). The dominant forces acting on particles are drag and magnetophoretic. A computed tomography (CT) model of the carotid bifurcation is adopted to have a 3D realistic geometry. The blood flow is considered to be laminar, incompressible, pulsatile, and non-Newtonian. Boundary conditions are applied using the three-element Windkessel equation.
Results are presented in terms of velocity, pressure, magnetic field flux density, wall shear stress, and streamlines. Also, the number of particles in each direction is presented for the four studied cases. The results show that using proper magnets configurations makes it possible to guide more particles to the desired branch (up to 4%) while preventing particles from entering the unwanted branch (up to 13%). By defining connectivity between oscillatory shear index (OSI) value and magnetic drug delivery efficacy, it becomes clear that places with lower OSI values are more proper to place the magnets than areas with higher OSI values.
It was observed that increasing the diameter of particles does not necessarily result in a higher drug delivery efficiency. The configuration of the magnets and the size of particles are the main affecting parameters that should be chosen precisely to meet the most efficient drug delivery performance. Magnetic drug targeting (MDT) is a promising method to improve the therapy efficiency for cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) and cancers. Fundamentally, it's vital to steer the superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPIONs) to the target lesion location to increase the capture efficiency. Hence, the present study aims to enhance the drug delivery to the desired branch in a 3D carotid bifurcation. Besides, it is tried to decrement the particles' entry to the unwanted outlet by using four different magnet configurations implanted adjacent to the artery wall. The Eulerian-Lagrangian approach with one-way coupling is employed for numerical simulation of the problem using the finite element method (FEM). The dominant forces acting on particles are drag and magnetophoretic. The blood flow is laminar, incompressible, pulsatile, and non-Newtonian. The results show that it is possible to guide more particles to the desired branch (up to 4%) while preventing particles from entering the unwanted branch (up to 13%). By defining connectivity between oscillatory shear index (OSI) value and magnetic drug delivery efficacy, it becomes clear that places with lower OSI values are more proper to place the magnets than areas with higher OSI values.
磁药物靶向（MDT）是一种提高心血管疾病（CVD）和癌症治疗效果的有前途的方法。在 MDT 中，治疗剂与超顺磁氧化铁纳米颗粒（SPION）核心结合，然后通过磁场引导至受损组织。从根本上讲，将 SPION 引导至所需位置对于提高目标病变部位的捕获效率至关重要。因此，本研究旨在增强颈动脉分叉处所需分支的药物输送。此外，通过使用植入动脉壁附近的四种不同磁体配置（最大磁通密度为 0.4 T），尝试减少颗粒进入不需要的出口的数量。还研究了四种情况下粒径（200nm 至 2µm）对药物输送性能的影响。
使用有限元方法（FEM）通过单向耦合的欧拉-拉格朗日方法对问题进行数值模拟。作用于颗粒的主要力是阻力和磁泳力。采用颈动脉分叉的 CT 模型来实现 3D 真实几何形状。血流被认为是层流、不可压缩、脉动和非牛顿的。使用三元件风箱方程施加边界条件。
结果以速度、压力、磁场磁通密度、壁剪切应力和流线表示。还给出了四种研究情况中每个方向的颗粒数量。结果表明，使用适当的磁铁配置可以将更多的颗粒引导至所需的分支（最多 4%），同时防止颗粒进入不需要的分支（最多 13%）。通过定义振荡剪切指数（OSI）值和磁药物输送效果之间的连接性，可以清楚地看出，OSI 值较低的位置比 OSI 值较高的位置更适合放置磁铁。
观察到增加颗粒直径不一定会导致更高的药物输送效率。磁铁的配置和颗粒的大小是主要的影响参数，应该精确选择以达到最有效的药物输送性能。磁药物靶向（MDT）是一种提高心血管疾病（CVD）和癌症治疗效果的有前途的方法。从根本上讲，将超顺磁氧化铁纳米颗粒（SPION）引导至目标病变位置对于提高捕获效率至关重要。因此，本研究旨在增强 3D 颈动脉分叉处所需分支的药物输送。此外，通过使用植入动脉壁附近的四种不同磁体配置，可以尝试减少颗粒进入不需要的出口的数量。使用有限元方法（FEM）通过单向耦合的欧拉-拉格朗日方法对问题进行数值模拟。作用于颗粒的主要力是阻力和磁泳力。血流是层流、不可压缩、脉动和非牛顿的。结果表明，可以将更多的颗粒引导至所需的分支（最多 4%），同时防止颗粒进入不需要的分支（最多 13%）。通过定义振荡剪切指数（OSI）值和磁药物输送效果之间的连接性，可以清楚地看出，OSI 值较低的位置比 OSI 值较高的位置更适合放置磁铁。
