Fakultät für Soziologie, Universität Bielefeld, Universitätsstraße 25, 33615 Bielefeld, Germany.
The Business School (formerly Cass) City, University of London, 106 Bunhill Row, London EC1Y 8TZ, United Kingdom.
An Acad Bras Cienc. 2022 Mar 25;94(suppl 1):e20210539. doi: 10.1590/0001-3765202220210539. eCollection 2022.
Since 1961 the Antarctic Treaty has been acknowledged internationally as the legitimate forum through which decision-making for the region takes place. Membership growth and the establishment of new conventions are strong indicators of how this international regime has overcome challenges to its functioning, while preserving peace maintenance, scientific cooperation and environmental protection as the main pillars of Antarctic governance. For this special volume of Annals of the Brazilian Academy of Science, this work provides an overview of the Antarctic Treaty Consultative Meetings' operation, highlighting how they established specific diplomatic practices: the progressive introduction of issues, the avoidance of contentious issues, and "watered-down", ambiguous text, all of which have enabled parties to circumvent conflict and reach consensual agreement. Based on analysis of the Antarctic Treaty Database, this work shows the main practices developed through the Antarctic Treaty and concludes that the adaptability of Treaty Parties to manage challenges over the last 60 years will unquestionably continue to underpin the regime.
自 1961 年以来，《南极条约》已被国际社会公认为是该地区决策的合法论坛。成员的增加和新公约的建立，有力地表明了这一国际制度是如何克服对其运作的挑战的，同时保持了维护和平、科学合作和环境保护作为南极治理的主要支柱。 为此，巴西科学院年鉴的这一卷专门介绍了《南极条约协商会议》的运作情况，重点介绍了它们如何确立了具体的外交惯例：逐步提出问题、避免有争议的问题，以及使用“淡化”、模糊的文本，所有这些都使各方能够避免冲突并达成协商一致的协议。 基于对《南极条约数据库》的分析，这项工作展示了通过《南极条约》制定的主要惯例，并得出结论，60 年来，《条约》各方对管理挑战的适应能力无疑将继续为该制度提供支持。
