Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Polar Climate Center, 9500 Bento Gonçalves Ave, Building 43136, Rooms 207 and 210, Agronomia, 91501-970 Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
An Acad Bras Cienc. 2022 Feb 11;94(suppl 1):e20210385. doi: 10.1590/0001-3765202120210385. eCollection 2022.
Antarctic environmental and climatic conditions have repercussions in Brazil and South America and are a central focus of concern as their balance may be affected. Therefore, legal instruments of environmental protection such as the Protocol on Environmental Protection to the Antarctic Treaty are fundamental. To streamline its application, the Protocol foresees accelerated mechanism for the approval and entry into force of "Measures" that modify provisions in its Annexes. This basis makes it unnecessary to submit amendments to domestic processes of international treaties approval in member countries of the Antarctic Treaty - in the case of Brazil, National Congress approval. This could give rise to a violation of Articles 49, item I, and 84, item VIII, of the 1988 Brazilian Constitution. This paper claims that there is no violation. This conclusion was based on an approach that supports constitutionality based on formal foundations and interpretation of the law, so that, mainly, the provisions and norms arising therefrom are understood in the context of Executive Agreements. The methodological construction is supported by the deductive method and assumes that the research hypothesis is controlled.
南极的环境和气候条件对巴西和南美洲有影响，是人们关注的中心问题，因为它们的平衡可能会受到影响。因此，环境保护的法律文书，如《南极条约环境保护议定书》，是至关重要的。为了简化其应用，该议定书规定了加速机制，以批准和生效“措施”，修改其附件中的规定。这一基础使得在《南极条约》成员国中，如巴西，不需要向国内国际条约批准程序提交修正案。这可能违反 1988 年《巴西宪法》第 49 条第 1 款和第 84 条第 8 款。本文称，这并不构成违反。这一结论是基于一种支持基于形式基础和法律解释的合宪性的方法，以便主要从执行协议的角度理解由此产生的规定和规范。方法论的构建得到了演绎法的支持，并假设研究假设得到了控制。
