Subdirectorate General for Environmental Health and Occupational Health, Directorate General for Public Health, Ministry of Health, Madrid, Spain.
PLoS One. 2024 May 20;19(5):e0301344. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0301344. eCollection 2024.
During the COVID-19 pandemic, a set of social measures were adopted for the preservation of business activity and the protection of workers. One of these measures was issuing the Temporary Disability (TD) for COVID-19 cases, close contacts, and especially vulnerable workers.
This study analyzes whether the TD registry could be used as a complementary source to traditional epidemiological surveillance.
A longitudinal study of time series was carried out with a cross-correlation analysis of TD and COVID-19 cases reported to the National Epidemiological Surveillance Network (RENAVE). The analysis included six pandemic waves between 10/03/2020 and 31/12/2021 in Spain. Cross-correlation coefficients (r) were calculated using a time lag of -14 days.
During the study period, 2,253,573 TD processes were recorded in Spain and 4,894,802 COVID-19 cases were reported to RENAVE. Significant positive correlations were observed at time lags of -7, -10, and -14, indicating that TD notification preceded RENAVE notification. In the first and sixth pandemic waves, TD notification preceded RENAVE by 12 and 7 days, respectively. Negative correlations between the two series were observed in the second and fourth waves, coinciding with a lower number of reported cases. In the third and fifth waves, TD notification also preceded RENAVE (lags -1, -5 and -14, -7, respectively).
The results confirm the usefulness of TD registry as a complementary system to traditional epidemiological surveillance in Spain, by detecting COVID-19 cases in the 7, 10, and 14 days prior. A better positive correlation is observed in waves where more cases were reported.
在 COVID-19 大流行期间，采取了一系列社会措施来维持商业活动并保护工人。其中一项措施是为 COVID-19 病例、密切接触者，特别是弱势工人发放临时残疾津贴（TD）。
本研究分析了 TD 登记处是否可作为传统流行病学监测的补充来源。
对西班牙于 2020 年 3 月 10 日至 2021 年 12 月 31 日期间进行的六次大流行波次进行了时间序列的纵向研究，并对国家流行病学监测网络（RENAVE）报告的 TD 和 COVID-19 病例进行了交叉相关分析。分析包括了时间滞后 -14 天的交叉相关系数（r）。
在研究期间，西班牙共记录了 2253573 例 TD 流程，RENAVE 报告了 4894802 例 COVID-19 病例。在时间滞后 -7、-10 和 -14 时，观察到显著的正相关，表明 TD 通知先于 RENAVE 通知。在第一和第六次大流行波次中，TD 通知分别比 RENAVE 提前了 12 天和 7 天。在第二和第四次波次中，两个系列之间观察到负相关，与报告的病例数较低相对应。在第三和第五次波次中，TD 通知也先于 RENAVE（滞后分别为-1、-5 和-14、-7）。
结果证实了 TD 登记处作为西班牙传统流行病学监测的补充系统的有用性，可在 7、10 和 14 天前检测到 COVID-19 病例。在报告病例更多的波次中，观察到更好的正相关。
