External Senior Technician (TRAGSATEC), Occupational Health Unit, Subdirectorate General for Environmental Health and Occupational Health, General Directorate for Public Health and Health Equity, Spanish Ministry of Health, Madrid, Spain.
Occupational Health Unit, Subdirectorate General for Environmental Health and Occupational Health, General Directorate of Public Health and Health Equity, Spanish Ministry of Health, Madrid, Spain.
PLoS One. 2024 Oct 9;19(10):e0307224. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0307224. eCollection 2024.
At the beginning of the pandemic, the identification of transmission chains was biased towards more closely monitored sectors, such as healthcare and sociosanitary centers.
The objective of our research is to describe the impact of the pandemic on the Spanish non-healthcare workers measured through health-related workplace absences.
A descriptive study of the cases of COVID-19-related temporary disability (TD) between February 15th and September 17th, 2020, was carried out. TD quarantine/infection ratios were calculated for every economic sector of activity. Rates of COVID-19 TDs per 100,000 affiliated workers were obtained, by gender, age, economic activity of the company or occupation of the worker.
A total of 1,126,755 TDs were recorded, 45.4% in women. The overall TD rates were 5,465 quarantines and 1,878 illnesses per 100,000 women, and 4,883 quarantines and 1,690 illnesses per 100,000 men. The highest incidence rates of TD due to illness were observed in younger age groups, under 30. The median TD quarantine/infection ratio was 2.6 (Interquartile range [IQR] 1.5-3.9), and Postal and Courier activities had the highest value: 4.7 quarantines per case (IQR: 3.75-6.12). The TD rates were higher in female workers in most sectors of activity and occupations compared to men in the same sectors and with the same occupations. The results show the uneven impact of COVID-19 by occupation, with a higher rates in less qualified occupations (unskilled workers and laborers) versus the first categories of the table (directors, managers, technicians, and professionals).
The results confirmed the high impact of COVID-19 on Spanish non-healthcare workers and it's inequalities. They also confirmed the potential use of TDs as an alternative source for epidemiological, public health surveillance and early warning of new emerging infections.
在大流行初期，传播链的识别偏向于受到更密切监测的部门，例如医疗保健和社会卫生中心。
我们的研究目的是通过与工作场所相关的缺勤情况来描述大流行对西班牙非医护人员的影响。
对 2020 年 2 月 15 日至 9 月 17 日期间与 COVID-19 相关的临时残疾 (TD) 病例进行了描述性研究。为每个经济活动部门计算了 COVID-19 相关的 TD 隔离/感染比。按性别、年龄、公司经济活动或工人职业计算了每 10 万受保工人的 COVID-19 TD 发病率。
共记录了 1126755 例 TD，其中 45.4%为女性。女性总 TD 发病率为每 100000 人 5465 例隔离和 1878 例疾病，男性分别为每 100000 人 4883 例隔离和 1690 例疾病。发病率最高的 TD 发生在年龄较小的年龄组，30 岁以下。TD 隔离/感染中位数比为 2.6（四分位距 [IQR]1.5-3.9），邮政和快递活动的比值最高：每例病例 4.7 例隔离（IQR：3.75-6.12）。在大多数活动部门和职业中，女性工人的 TD 发病率高于同一部门和职业的男性工人。结果表明，COVID-19 对职业的影响不均衡，低技能职业（非技术工人和体力劳动者）的发病率高于表中的第一类（董事、经理、技术人员和专业人员）。
结果证实了 COVID-19 对西班牙非医护人员的高影响及其不平等性。它们还证实了 TD 作为流行病学、公共卫生监测和新出现感染早期预警的替代来源的潜在用途。
