Savadogo Madi, Renmans Dimitri, Bada Alambedji Rianatou, Tarnagda Zékiba, Antoine-Moussiaux Nicolas
Fundamental and Applied Research for Animals and Health (FARAH), Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Liege, Belgium; Service de Microbiologie-Immunologie et Pathologie Infectieuse, Département de Santé Publique et Environnement, Ecole Inter-Etats des Sciences et Médecine Vétérinaires, Université Cheikh Anta Diop, Dakar, Senegal; Laboratoire National de Référence-Grippes (LNR-G), Unité des Maladies à potentiel Epidémique-Maladies Emergentes et Zoonoses, Département de Biologie Médicale et Santé Publique, Institut de Recherche en Sciences de la Santé, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso.
Institute of Development Policy, University of Antwerp, Belgium.
Prev Vet Med. 2022 Jun;203:105623. doi: 10.1016/j.prevetmed.2022.105623. Epub 2022 Mar 24.
Dog vaccination is an effective pathway to control rabies if a minimum of 70% dog vaccination coverage is achieved. For more than six decades, dog vaccination has been adopted as part of the rabies control measures in Burkina Faso. However, the required vaccination coverage in canine population remains challenging and rabies endemic. This study describes the use of systems thinking to explore the dynamics arising from dog vaccination complexity and explain the possibles causes of low vaccination coverage in the dog population. In-depth interviews were conducted in three administrative regions and included various stakeholders. A thematic analysis was performed to analyze the obtained narratives. Subsequently, causal loop diagrams (CLDs) were developed, depicting the causes of low dog vaccination coverage. The CLDs were composed of reinforcing loops and balancing loops, visualizing how different variables including social, economic, technical, political and organizational factors that affect the implementation of rabies vaccination in the country are causally interrelated. Overall, the results revealed the importance of community awareness raising, strengthening the vaccination workforce, enhanced governance and leadership in the dynamics of dog vaccination. The study calls for wide consideration of all drivers and factors that may affect dog vaccination coverage, for the development of any rabies control strategy or vaccination program. Beyond the dog vaccination problem, the methods and findings from this study could be applied to other critical rabies-related questions such as postexposure prophylaxis, epidemiological surveillance, dog population management, laboratory diagnosis, and the One Health collaboration issues, to understand and improve rabies control.
如果犬类疫苗接种覆盖率至少达到70%，那么犬类疫苗接种是控制狂犬病的有效途径。六十多年来，犬类疫苗接种一直是布基纳法索狂犬病控制措施的一部分。然而，犬类群体所需的疫苗接种覆盖率仍然具有挑战性，狂犬病呈地方性流行。本研究描述了如何运用系统思维来探索犬类疫苗接种复杂性所产生的动态变化，并解释犬类群体疫苗接种覆盖率低的可能原因。在三个行政区进行了深入访谈，访谈对象包括各类利益相关者。对获得的叙述进行了主题分析。随后，绘制了因果回路图（CLD），描绘了犬类疫苗接种覆盖率低的原因。因果回路图由增强回路和平衡回路组成，直观展示了包括社会、经济、技术、政治和组织因素在内的不同变量如何在因果关系上相互关联，这些变量会影响该国狂犬病疫苗接种的实施。总体而言，结果揭示了社区宣传、加强疫苗接种工作人员队伍、加强治理和领导力在犬类疫苗接种动态中的重要性。该研究呼吁在制定任何狂犬病控制策略或疫苗接种计划时，广泛考虑所有可能影响犬类疫苗接种覆盖率的驱动因素和因素。除了犬类疫苗接种问题外，本研究的方法和结果还可应用于其他与狂犬病相关的关键问题，如暴露后预防、流行病学监测、犬类种群管理、实验室诊断以及“同一健康”合作问题，以了解和改善狂犬病控制。
