3至6岁学龄前儿童的膳食营养模式及其与超重和肥胖的相关性。
Dietary nutrient patterns among preschool children aged 3-6 and the correlation with being overweight and obese.
作者信息
Huang Huanhuan, Ma Qian, Ding Jie, Fu Feng
机构信息
Department of Child Healthcare, Jiashan Maternal and Child Health Hospital Jiaxing, Zhejiang, China.
Department of Child Healthcare, Jiaxing Maternal and Child Health Hospital Jiaxing, Zhejiang, China.
出版信息
Am J Transl Res. 2023 May 15;15(5):3751-3758. eCollection 2023.
OBJECTIVE
To investigate the dietary nutrient patterns in preschool children aged 3-6 years old, and analyze the relationship between the dietary nutrients and being overweight or obese.
METHODS
A stratified cluster sampling method was used to select 19,529 preschool children aged 3-6 from 62 kindergartens in Jiashan County of Zhejiang Province. To evaluate the overweight and obesity rates in the included children, body mass index (BMI) of all the children were analyzed using the BMI-for-age method and the weight-for-height method recommended by the World Health Organization (WHO). The dietary nutrient patterns of the preschool children were obtained by survey of food frequency and dietary reviews.
RESULTS
The intake of meat from livestock and poultry among overweight and obese children increased significantly at different ages. Moreover, there were significant differences observed between normal-weight and overweight/obese children with regard to the consumption of grain, eggs, milk, vegetables, potatoes, livestock, poultry, fish and shrimp, legumes, fruits and oils (all P<0.05). Generally, children in the overweight or obese group consumed higher amounts of food than recommended, whereas normal-weight children tended to meet the recommended levels for protein, fat and carbohydrate intake. In addition, overweight and obese children tended to consume higher levels of various dietary nutrients compared to the normal-weight children, with statistical differences observed (all P<0.05). Children with a normal physique showed higher intake of milk and vegetables compared to the overweight/obese ones, with statistical differences observed between the two groups (all P<0.05). Meanwhile, overweight children tended to consume relatively high amounts of grains and fruits, although no statistical difference was identified. Obese children had a relatively high intake of eggs, fish and shrimp, with a statistical difference observed in egg intake between them and the normal-weight children (P<0.05).
CONCLUSION
There is a correlation between the dietary nutrient patterns and being overweight and obese in preschool children aged 3-6.
目的
调查3 - 6岁学龄前儿童的膳食营养模式，并分析膳食营养与超重或肥胖之间的关系。
方法
采用分层整群抽样方法，从浙江省嘉善县62所幼儿园中选取19529名3 - 6岁学龄前儿童。为评估纳入儿童的超重和肥胖率，使用世界卫生组织（WHO）推荐的年龄别体重指数（BMI）法和身高别体重法分析所有儿童的体重指数。通过食物频率调查和膳食回顾获取学龄前儿童的膳食营养模式。
结果
超重和肥胖儿童在不同年龄段畜禽肉摄入量显著增加。此外，正常体重儿童与超重/肥胖儿童在谷物、鸡蛋、牛奶、蔬菜、土豆、畜禽、鱼虾、豆类、水果和油类的摄入量方面存在显著差异（均P<0.05）。一般来说，超重或肥胖组儿童的食物摄入量高于推荐量，而正常体重儿童的蛋白质、脂肪和碳水化合物摄入量往往达到推荐水平。此外，超重和肥胖儿童的各种膳食营养素摄入量往往高于正常体重儿童，差异有统计学意义（均P<0.05）。体型正常的儿童与超重/肥胖儿童相比，牛奶和蔬菜摄入量更高，两组间差异有统计学意义（均P<0.05）。同时，超重儿童谷物和水果摄入量相对较高，尽管未发现统计学差异。肥胖儿童鸡蛋、鱼虾摄入量相对较高，鸡蛋摄入量与正常体重儿童相比有统计学差异（P<0.05）。
结论
3 - 6岁学龄前儿童的膳食营养模式与超重和肥胖之间存在相关性。
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