Longevity Sciences, Inc. (dba Tally Health), Greenwich, Connecticut, USA.
Blavatnik Institute, Department of Genetics, Paul F. Glenn Center for Biology of Aging Research, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
Aging Cell. 2022 Aug;21(8):e13664. doi: 10.1111/acel.13664. Epub 2022 Jul 2.
Although chronological age correlates with various age-related diseases and conditions, it does not adequately reflect an individual's functional capacity, well-being, or mortality risk. In contrast, biological age provides information about overall health and indicates how rapidly or slowly a person is aging. Estimates of biological age are thought to be provided by aging clocks, which are computational models (e.g., elastic net) that use a set of inputs (e.g., DNA methylation sites) to make a prediction. In the past decade, aging clock studies have shown that several age-related diseases, social variables, and mental health conditions associate with an increase in predicted biological age relative to chronological age. This phenomenon of age acceleration is linked to a higher risk of premature mortality. More recent research has demonstrated that predicted biological age is sensitive to specific interventions. Human trials have reported that caloric restriction, a plant-based diet, lifestyle changes involving exercise, a drug regime including metformin, and vitamin D3 supplementation are all capable of slowing down or reversing an aging clock. Non-interventional studies have connected high-quality sleep, physical activity, a healthy diet, and other factors to age deceleration. Specific molecules have been associated with the reduction or reversal of predicted biological age, such as the antihypertensive drug doxazosin or the metabolite alpha-ketoglutarate. Although rigorous clinical trials are needed to validate these initial findings, existing data suggest that aging clocks are malleable in humans. Additional research is warranted to better understand these computational models and the clinical significance of lowering or reversing their outputs.
尽管实际年龄与各种与年龄相关的疾病和状况相关,但它并不能充分反映个体的功能能力、健康状况或死亡风险。相比之下,生物年龄提供了关于整体健康的信息,并表明一个人衰老的速度是快还是慢。生物年龄的估计被认为是由衰老时钟提供的,衰老时钟是一种计算模型(例如,弹性网络),它使用一组输入(例如,DNA 甲基化位点)来进行预测。在过去的十年中,衰老时钟研究表明,几种与年龄相关的疾病、社会变量和心理健康状况与预测的生物年龄相对于实际年龄的增加有关。这种加速衰老的现象与过早死亡的风险增加有关。最近的研究表明,预测的生物年龄对特定干预措施敏感。人体试验报告称,热量限制、植物性饮食、包括运动在内的生活方式改变、包括二甲双胍在内的药物治疗方案以及维生素 D3 补充剂都能够减缓或逆转衰老时钟。非干预性研究将高质量睡眠、身体活动、健康饮食等因素与衰老减速联系起来。一些特定的分子与预测的生物年龄的降低或逆转有关,例如降压药多沙唑嗪或代谢物α-酮戊二酸。尽管需要严格的临床试验来验证这些初步发现,但现有数据表明,衰老时钟在人类中是可塑的。需要进一步的研究来更好地理解这些计算模型以及降低或逆转其输出的临床意义。
Aging Cell. 2022-8
Clin Epigenetics. 2020-1-3
Ageing Res Rev. 2022-11
Geroscience. 2022-6
Nat Commun. 2022-4-19
Psychoneuroendocrinology. 2022-7