Elaad Eitan, Gonen-Gal Ye'ela
Department of Psychology, Ariel University, Ariel, Israel.
Front Psychol. 2022 Mar 22;13:820923. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.820923. eCollection 2022.
Two studies examined gender differences in lying when the truth-telling bias prevailed (study 1) and when inspiring lying and disbelief (study 2). The first study used 156 community participants (91 women) in pairs. First, participants completed the Narcissistic Personality Inventory, the Lie- and Truth Ability Assessment Scale (LTAAS), and the Rational-Experiential Inventory. Then, they participated in a deception game where they performed as senders and receivers of true and false communications. Their goal was to retain as many points as possible according to a payoff matrix that specified the reward they would gain for any possible outcome. Results indicated that men lied more and were more successful lie-tellers than women. In addition, men believed the sender less than women but were not more successful detectors of lies and truths. Higher perceived lie-telling ability, narcissistic features, and experiential thinking style explained men's performance. The second study used 100 volunteers (40 women) who underwent the same procedure. However, the payoff matrix encouraged lying and disbelieving. Results showed again that men lied more than women. As to performance, men were more successful lie detectors than women, but there was no truth detection difference. Women did not differ in their success in telling and detecting lies and truths. The inconsistent gender differences in production and detection lies and truths dictate caution in interpreting them.
两项研究考察了在讲真话偏差占主导时（研究1）以及在鼓励说谎和不信任时（研究2）说谎行为中的性别差异。第一项研究使用了156名社区参与者（91名女性），两人一组。首先，参与者完成了自恋人格量表、说谎与说真话能力评估量表（LTAAS）以及理性-经验量表。然后，他们参与了一个欺骗游戏，在游戏中他们分别扮演真假信息的发送者和接收者。他们的目标是根据一个收益矩阵尽可能多地保留分数，该矩阵规定了他们在任何可能结果下将获得的奖励。结果表明，男性比女性说谎更多，且作为说谎者更成功。此外，男性比女性更不信任发送者，但在辨别谎言和真话方面并不更成功。更高的说谎能力感知、自恋特征和经验性思维方式解释了男性的表现。第二项研究使用了100名志愿者（40名女性），他们经历了相同的程序。然而，收益矩阵鼓励说谎和不信任。结果再次表明，男性比女性说谎更多。在表现方面，男性作为谎言辨别者比女性更成功，但在辨别真话方面没有差异。女性在说真话和辨别谎言与真话方面的成功率没有差异。在说谎和辨别谎言与真话方面不一致的性别差异表明在解释这些差异时要谨慎。
