Graduate School of Human Sciences, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan.
Department of Management and Marketing, Oakland University, Rochester, Michigan, United States of America.
PLoS One. 2021 Apr 15;16(4):e0249815. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0249815. eCollection 2021.
Truth-Default Theory (TDT) predicts that across countries and cultures, a few people tell most of the lies, while a majority of people lie less frequently than average. This prediction, referred to as "a few prolific liars," is tested in Japan. The study further investigated the extent to which the Dark Triad personality traits predict the frequency of lying. University students (N = 305) reported how many times they lied in the past 24 hours and answered personality questions. Results indicate that the few prolific liars pattern is evident in Japan thereby advancing TDT. Results also show that Japanese frequent liars tend to have Dark Triad personality traits, but the nature of the findings may be unique to Japan. Results of the generalized linear model suggest that the Dark Triad components of Machiavellianism and psychopathy exacerbate lying behavior by reducing the guilt associated with lying. However, narcissism encourages guilt and therefore inhibits lying behavior with both direct and indirect effects. These narcissism findings appear to contradict prior studies but stem from use of a more appropriate statistical analysis or the Japanese context.
真理默认理论（TDT）预测，在不同的国家和文化中，少数人会说出大部分的谎言，而大多数人则比平均水平更少说谎。这一预测被称为“少数多产的说谎者”，在日本得到了验证。本研究进一步探讨了黑暗人格特质对说谎频率的预测程度。大学生（N=305）报告了他们在过去 24 小时内说谎的次数，并回答了人格问题。结果表明，日本存在少数多产的说谎者模式，从而推进了 TDT。结果还表明，日本频繁说谎者往往具有黑暗人格特质，但研究结果的性质可能是日本特有的。广义线性模型的结果表明，马基雅维利主义和精神病态的黑暗人格特质成分通过减少与说谎相关的内疚感，加剧了说谎行为。然而，自恋鼓励内疚感，因此通过直接和间接影响抑制说谎行为。这些自恋的发现似乎与之前的研究相矛盾，但源于更合适的统计分析或日本背景。
