Research Group in Sports Biomechanics (GIBD), Department of Physical Education and Sports, University of Valencia, St: Gascó Oliag, 3, 46010, Valencia, Spain.
Research Group in Sports Biomechanics (GIBD), Department of Physical Education and Sports, University of Valencia, St: Gascó Oliag, 3, 46010, Valencia, Spain.
J Therm Biol. 2022 Apr;105:103146. doi: 10.1016/j.jtherbio.2021.103146. Epub 2021 Dec 27.
Athletes with spinal cord injury (SCI) have difficulties in maintaining thermal homeostasis during exercise due to their lower sweat capacity and skin vasodilation. Skin temperature (Tsk) assessment, as opposed to core temperature, has become more widely accepted due to its non-invasive nature. The aims of this systematic review was to collate research studies that measured Tsk of individuals with SCI during or after exercise, study their Tsk response, taking into account the method employed, the environmental and exercise conditions, and to identify the different cooling strategies and their effect during exercise.
Pubmed, Web of Science and Scopus databases were searched to identify the articles published since year 2000. Two reviewers working independently extracted data and assessed the quality of the articles included. If they disagreed, a third reviewer was consulted. ROBINS-I scale was used to assess the quality of the articles, and the review has been conducted in agreement with PRISMA guidelines.
Twenty studies were included in this review. 84% of them presented moderate, serious or critical risk of bias. The entire of the studies assessed Tsk during exercise, but only seven studies measured it during rest or after exercise. Eighteen studies used contact thermometry to assess Tsk and the two remaining studies employed non-contact techniques. Seven studies were conducted in warm conditions (>31.5°C) and the remaining studies in moderate conditions (10°C to 26.6°C). According to cooling strategies, ice vests and water spray are effective in reducing Tsk and decreasing the risk of heat stroke.
The 90% of the studies applied contact thermometry and due to their effect in the data assessed, it is necessary more research into the SCI population using infrared thermography due to its differences in characteristics, methodology, and applications. The methodological differences among studies make difficult to perform a meta-analysis.
由于运动员脊髓损伤 (SCI) 患者的排汗能力和皮肤血管扩张能力较低，他们在运动过程中难以维持体温平衡。由于非侵入性，皮肤温度 (Tsk) 的评估比核心温度更广泛地被接受。本系统评价的目的是整理测量 SCI 患者在运动过程中或运动后 Tsk 的研究，考虑所采用的方法、环境和运动条件，研究他们的 Tsk 反应，并确定不同的冷却策略及其在运动中的作用。
检索 Pubmed、Web of Science 和 Scopus 数据库，以确定自 2000 年以来发表的文章。两名独立工作的审查员提取数据并评估纳入文章的质量。如果有分歧，将咨询第三名审查员。使用 ROBINS-I 量表评估文章的质量，本综述符合 PRISMA 指南进行。
本综述共纳入 20 项研究。其中 84%的研究存在中度、严重或关键的偏倚风险。所有研究均在运动期间评估 Tsk，但只有 7 项研究在休息或运动后评估 Tsk。18 项研究使用接触式测温法评估 Tsk，其余两项研究使用非接触式技术。7 项研究在温暖条件下 (>31.5°C)进行，其余研究在中等条件下 (10°C 至 26.6°C)进行。根据冷却策略，冰背心和水喷雾可有效降低 Tsk，降低中暑风险。
90%的研究采用接触式测温法，由于其对数据的影响，有必要对 SCI 人群进行更多使用红外热成像的研究，因为其在特征、方法和应用方面存在差异。研究之间的方法学差异使得难以进行荟萃分析。
