Samir Ahmed, Abdel-Moein Khaled A, Zaher Hala M
Department of Microbiology and Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt.
Department of Zoonoses, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt.
Vector Borne Zoonotic Dis. 2022 Apr;22(4):217-224. doi: 10.1089/vbz.2022.0004. Epub 2022 Apr 7.
has been associated with both nosocomial and community-acquired infections with mounting public health concern throughout the world. The purpose of this study was to investigate the burden of virulent extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL)-producing among diarrheic horses or those with respiratory illness to underscore the public health implication of such strains. Rectal and nasal swabs were gathered from 100 diseased horses (50 diarrheic and 50 with respiratory illness). The collected swabs were processed for isolation of ESBL-producing using a selective medium followed by phenotypic and molecular identification of the isolates. All ESBL-producing strains were investigated for six virulence genes (type 3 fimbrial adhesin [D], enterobactin [B], regulator of mucoid phenotype A [A], ferric iron uptake [], mucoviscosity-associated gene A [A], and type 2 capsular polysaccharide []). Of the 100 examined animals, ESBL-producing was recovered from 13 (13%), with isolation rates in horses suffering from diarrhea and respiratory illness being 20% and 6%, respectively. Among the obtained isolates, TEM and SHV were found in all strains (100%) followed by CTX-M in 92.3%, while none of the isolates had OXA. In addition, 13 ESBL-producing strains exhibited a multidrug resistance (MDR) pattern. Regarding the occurrence of virulence genes among the isolates, D (100%) and B (100%) were the most predominant virulence genes followed by A (76.9%) and (46.2%). On the contrary, A and were negative in all ESBL-producing strains. Furthermore, this work provides four D partial sequences that displayed high genetic relatedness with those obtained from human to clarify the public health burden of such isolates. The occurrence of virulent ESBL-producing among diseased horses highlights the potential role of this animal in the epidemiology of such virulent and antimicrobial-resistant strains, which may have great public health threat.
已与医院感染和社区获得性感染相关联，在全球范围内引起了越来越多的公共卫生关注。本研究的目的是调查腹泻马或患有呼吸道疾病的马中产超广谱β-内酰胺酶（ESBL）的强毒株的负担，以强调此类菌株对公共卫生的影响。从100匹患病马（50匹腹泻马和50匹患有呼吸道疾病的马）采集直肠和鼻拭子。使用选择性培养基对收集的拭子进行处理，以分离产ESBL的菌株，随后对分离株进行表型和分子鉴定。对所有产ESBL的菌株进行六种毒力基因（3型菌毛粘附素基因[d]、肠杆菌素基因[b]、粘液样表型A调节基因[a]、铁摄取基因[fyuA]、粘液粘度相关基因A基因[magA]和2型荚膜多糖基因[kpsMT2]）的检测。在100只检查的动物中，13只（13%）分离出产ESBL的菌株，腹泻马和患有呼吸道疾病的马的分离率分别为20%和6%。在获得的分离株中，所有菌株（100%）均检测到TEM和SHV基因，其次92.3%的菌株检测到CTX-M基因，而所有分离株均未检测到OXA基因。此外，13株产ESBL的菌株表现出多重耐药（MDR）模式。关于分离株中毒力基因的出现情况，d（100%）和b（100%）是最主要的毒力基因，其次是a（76.9%）和fyuA（46.2%）。相反，所有产ESBL的菌株中magA和kpsMT2均为阴性。此外，本研究提供了四个d基因部分序列，这些序列与从人类分离得到的序列具有高度的遗传相关性，以阐明此类分离株对公共卫生的负担。患病马中产强毒ESBL的菌株的出现突出了这种动物在这种强毒和抗菌耐药菌株流行病学中的潜在作用，这可能对公共卫生构成巨大威胁。
