Samir Ahmed, Mosallam Tarek, Aboul-Ella Hassan, Ali Aisha, Samir Ojena, Hegab Mohamed, Erian Mark, Youssef Fady, Zaher Hala
Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt.
Animal Reproduction Research Institute, Giza, Egypt.
Vet Res Commun. 2025 May 8;49(4):194. doi: 10.1007/s11259-025-10752-6.
Nowadays, research attention is paid to the investigation of bacterial pathogens in the cloaca of parrots rather than the nasal niche, which is largely ignored. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the nasal carriage of multidrug-resistant bacteria with zoonotic potential in parrots suffering from respiratory illness. Nasal swabs were collected from 75 sick parrots with respiratory illness, and they were subjected to microbiological isolation and identification, followed by antimicrobial susceptibility testing. Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Proteus mirabilis, and Staphylococcus aureus were isolated with a prevalence rate of 36%, 32%, 26.7%, and 9.3%, respectively, while one isolate (1.3%) of Staphylococcus pseudointermedius, Staphylococcus simulans, Staphylococcus sciuri, and Enterococcus faecalis was identified. E. coli, K. pneumoniae, and P. mirabilis were investigated for ESBL genes, Staphylococcus species for the mecA gene, followed by SCCmec typing, and E. faecalis for the vanA and vanB genes. Regarding beta-lactamase-encoding genes, bla (97.6%), bla (48.8%), and bla (39%) gene families were detected, while bla was not found. Sequencing of bla in one strain of E. coli, K. pneumoniae, and P. mirabilis revealed bla. The mecA was determined in three S. aureus and one S. sciuri strain, and the SCCmec typing of three MRSA isolates yielded type V, whereas type I in S. sciuri. Only the vanA gene was recognized in the E. faecalis strain. Moreover, 67.1% of bacterial isolates exhibited multidrug resistance. These findings highlight the potential role of parrots in the transmission of multidrug-resistant zoonotic bacteria, which may pose a threat to human contacts.
如今，研究关注的是鹦鹉泄殖腔中的细菌病原体，而非基本被忽视的鼻腔生态位。因此，本研究旨在调查患有呼吸道疾病的鹦鹉鼻腔中具有人畜共患病潜力的多重耐药菌的携带情况。从75只患有呼吸道疾病的病鹦鹉中采集鼻拭子，对其进行微生物分离和鉴定，随后进行抗菌药敏试验。分离出了大肠杆菌、肺炎克雷伯菌、奇异变形杆菌和金黄色葡萄球菌，其流行率分别为36%、32%、26.7%和9.3%，同时鉴定出一株（1.3%）中间葡萄球菌、模仿葡萄球菌、松鼠葡萄球菌和粪肠球菌。对大肠杆菌、肺炎克雷伯菌和奇异变形杆菌进行了超广谱β-内酰胺酶（ESBL）基因检测，对葡萄球菌属进行了mecA基因检测，随后进行葡萄球菌盒式染色体mec（SCCmec）分型，对粪肠球菌进行了vanA和vanB基因检测。关于β-内酰胺酶编码基因，检测到bla（97.6%）、bla（48.8%）和bla（39%）基因家族，而未发现bla。对一株大肠杆菌、肺炎克雷伯菌和奇异变形杆菌中的bla进行测序，发现为bla。在三株金黄色葡萄球菌和一株松鼠葡萄球菌菌株中检测到mecA，三株耐甲氧西林金黄色葡萄球菌（MRSA）分离株的SCCmec分型为V型，而松鼠葡萄球菌为I型。在粪肠球菌菌株中仅识别出vanA基因。此外，67.1%的细菌分离株表现出多重耐药性。这些发现突出了鹦鹉在多重耐药人畜共患病细菌传播中的潜在作用，这可能对与人类的接触构成威胁。
