Elolimy Ahmed, Rosa Fernanda, Tripp Patricia, Zeineldin Mohamed, Bowlin Anne K, Randolph Christopher, Robeson Michael S, Yeruva Laxmi
Arkansas Children's Nutrition Center, Agricultural Research Service (ARS), United States Department of Agriculture (USDA), Little Rock, AR, United States.
Department of Pediatrics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, United States.
Front Microbiol. 2022 Mar 23;13:801854. doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.801854. eCollection 2022.
Exclusive breastfeeding is recommended to newborns during the first 6 months of life, whereas dairy-based infant formula is an alternative nutrition source offered to infants. Several studies demonstrated that breastfed infants have a different gut bacterial composition relative to formula-fed infants. In addition, animal models have shown that human milk (HM)-fed piglets had a distinct intestinal bacterial composition compared with milk formula (MF)-fed piglets. However, the gut fungal composition and the interactions with the bacterial community in breastfed compared with formula-fed infants remain to be investigated. In an attempt to evaluate such differences, we used an animal model to perform a shotgun metagenomics analysis on the cecal and distal colon contents of neonatal piglets fed with pasteurized HM or a dairy-based infant formula (MF) during the first 21 days of life. At postnatal day 21 (PND 21), a subset of piglets from each diet group ( = 11 per group) was euthanized. The remaining piglets in each group were weaned to a solid diet and euthanized at PND 51 ( = 13 per group). Large intestine contents (i.e., cecum and distal colon) were subjected to shotgun metagenomics analysis. The differential taxonomic composition of bacteria and fungi and the predicted functional gene profiling were evaluated. , , , and are the most abundant bacterial phyla observed in piglets at PND 21 and PND 51. In the large intestine at PND 21 and PND 51, phylum was significantly higher in MF-fed group, and species of phyla was significantly higher in MF group relative to HM group. In addition, in HM group, several spp. and spp. were higher relative to MF group in the large intestine at PND 21 and PND 51. Fungal genus was higher in MF, whereas was lower relative to HM group. Persistent effects of the neonatal diets were observed at PND 51, where alpha- and beta-diversity differences were detected for bacterial and fungal species in the large intestine. Overall, our findings indicate that neonatal diet affects the large intestinal microbial community during the exclusive milk-feeding period, as well as after the introduction of the complementary food.
建议在出生后的前6个月对新生儿进行纯母乳喂养，而以乳制品为基础的婴儿配方奶粉是提供给婴儿的另一种营养来源。多项研究表明，与配方奶喂养的婴儿相比，母乳喂养的婴儿肠道细菌组成有所不同。此外，动物模型显示，与喂牛奶配方奶（MF）的仔猪相比，喂人乳（HM）的仔猪肠道细菌组成明显不同。然而，与配方奶喂养的婴儿相比，母乳喂养婴儿的肠道真菌组成以及与细菌群落的相互作用仍有待研究。为了评估这些差异，我们使用动物模型对出生后前21天喂以巴氏杀菌人乳或基于乳制品的婴儿配方奶粉（MF）的新生仔猪的盲肠和结肠远端内容物进行了鸟枪法宏基因组分析。在出生后第21天（PND 21），对每个饮食组的一部分仔猪（每组n = 11）实施安乐死。每组其余的仔猪断奶后喂固体食物，并在PND 51实施安乐死（每组n = 13）。对大肠内容物（即盲肠和结肠远端）进行鸟枪法宏基因组分析。评估了细菌和真菌的分类学组成差异以及预测的功能基因谱。厚壁菌门、拟杆菌门、变形菌门和放线菌门是在PND 21和PND 51的仔猪中观察到的最丰富的细菌门。在PND 21和PND 51的大肠中，MF喂养组的厚壁菌门显著更高，相对于HM组，厚壁菌门的物种在MF组中显著更高。此外，在HM组中，与MF组相比，在PND 21和PND 51的大肠中，几种梭菌属和双歧杆菌属的含量更高。真菌属念珠菌在MF组中较高，而相对于HM组较低。在PND 51观察到新生儿饮食的持续影响，在大肠中检测到细菌和真菌物种的α-和β-多样性差异。总体而言，我们的研究结果表明，新生儿饮食在纯母乳喂养期间以及引入辅食后都会影响大肠微生物群落。
