Arkansas Children's Nutrition Center, Little Rock, AR, USA.
Department of Pediatrics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA.
J Nutr. 2019 Dec 1;149(12):2236-2246. doi: 10.1093/jn/nxz170.
Early infant diet influences postnatal gut microbial development, which in turn can modulate the developing immune system.
The aim of this study was to characterize diet-specific bioregional microbiota differences in piglets fed either human breast milk (HM) or infant formula.
Male piglets (White Dutch Landrace Duroc) were raised on HM or cow milk formula (MF) from postnatal day (PND) 2 to PND 21 and weaned to an ad libitum diet until PND 51. Piglets were euthanized on either PND 21 or PND 51, and the gastrointestinal contents were collected for 16s RNA sequencing. Data were analyzed using the Quantitative Insight into Microbial Ecology. Diversity measurements (Chao1 and Shannon) and the Wald test were used to determine relative abundance.
At PND 21, the ileal luminal region of HM-fed piglets showed lower Chao1 operational taxonomic unit diversity, while Shannon diversity was lower in cecal, proximal colon (PC), and distal colon (DC) luminal regions, relative to MF-fed piglets. In addition, at PND 51, the HM-fed piglets had lower genera diversity within the jejunum, ileum, PC, and DC luminal regions, relative to MF-fed piglets. At PND 21, Turicibacter was 4- to 5-fold lower in the HM-fed piglets' ileal, cecal, PC, and DC luminal regions, relative to the MF-fed piglets. Campylobacter is 3- to 6-fold higher in HM-fed piglets duodenal, ileal, cecal, PC, and DC luminal regions, in comparison to MF-fed piglets. Furthermore, the large intestine (cecum, PC, and rectum) luminal region of HM-fed piglets showed 4- to 7-fold higher genera that belong to class Bacteroidia, in comparison to MF-fed piglets at PND 21. In addition, at PND 51 distal colon lumen of HM-fed piglets showed 1.5-fold higher genera from class Bacteroidia than the MF-fed piglets.
In the large intestinal regions (cecum, PC, and rectum), MF diet alters microbiota composition, relative to HM diet, with sustained effects after weaning from the neonatal diet. These microbiota changes could impact immune system and health outcomes later in life.
婴儿早期的饮食会影响肠道微生物的后续发育，而肠道微生物的发育又会反过来影响正在发育的免疫系统。
本研究旨在描述以人乳（HM）或婴儿配方奶喂养的仔猪的特定饮食的生物区系微生物差异。
雄性仔猪（白色荷兰兰德瑞斯杜洛克）从出生后第 2 天（PND2）到第 21 天（PND21）用 HM 或牛奶配方（MF）喂养，并在断奶后自由采食至第 51 天（PND51）。仔猪在 PND21 或 PND51 时安乐死，收集胃肠道内容物进行 16s RNA 测序。使用定量微生物生态学洞察力（Quantitative Insight into Microbial Ecology）进行数据分析。使用 Chao1 和 Shannon 多样性测量和 Wald 检验来确定相对丰度。
在 PND21 时，与 MF 喂养的仔猪相比，HM 喂养的仔猪回肠腔的 Chao1 操作分类单元多样性较低，而盲肠、近端结肠（PC）和远端结肠（DC）腔的 Shannon 多样性较低。此外，在 PND51 时，与 MF 喂养的仔猪相比，HM 喂养的仔猪空肠、回肠、PC 和 DC 腔的属多样性较低。在 PND21 时，与 MF 喂养的仔猪相比，HM 喂养的仔猪回肠、盲肠、PC 和 DC 腔的 Turicibacter 低 4 至 5 倍。HM 喂养的仔猪空肠、回肠、盲肠、PC 和 DC 腔的 Campylobacter 高 3 至 6 倍。此外，与 MF 喂养的仔猪相比，HM 喂养的仔猪大肠（盲肠、PC 和直肠）腔的属多样性高 4 至 7 倍，属于拟杆菌门。此外，在 PND51 时，与 MF 喂养的仔猪相比，HM 喂养的仔猪远端结肠腔的属多样性高 1.5 倍，来自拟杆菌门。
在大肠区（盲肠、PC 和直肠），与 HM 饮食相比，MF 饮食改变了微生物组成，且在从新生儿饮食断奶后仍持续存在。这些微生物变化可能会影响免疫系统和以后的健康结果。
