Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of University of Science and Technology of China (USTC), Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China.
CAS Key Lab of Soft Matter Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China.
Front Immunol. 2022 Mar 23;13:849759. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.849759. eCollection 2022.
Chimeric antigen receptor T cell (CAR-T) therapy for the treatment of hematologic tumors has achieved remarkable success, with five CAR-T therapies approved by the United States Food and Drug Administration. However, the efficacy of CAR-T therapy against solid tumors is not satisfactory. There are three existing hurdles in CAR-T cells for solid tumors. First, the lack of a universal CAR to recognize antigens at the site of solid tumors and the compact tumor structure make it difficult for CAR-T cells to locate in solid tumors. Second, soluble inhibitors and suppressive immune cells in the tumor microenvironment can inhibit or even inactivate T cells. Third, low survival and proliferation rates of CAR-T cells significantly influence the therapeutic effect. As an emerging method, nanotechnology has a great potential to enhance cell proliferation, activate T cells, and restarting the immune response. In this review, we discuss how nanotechnology can modify CAR-T cells through variable methods to improve the therapeutic effect of solid tumors.
嵌合抗原受体 T 细胞（CAR-T）疗法治疗血液系统肿瘤已取得显著成功，美国食品和药物管理局（FDA）已批准五种 CAR-T 疗法。然而，CAR-T 疗法治疗实体瘤的疗效并不令人满意。CAR-T 细胞治疗实体瘤存在三个现存障碍。首先，缺乏通用的 CAR 来识别实体瘤部位的抗原，且实体瘤结构紧凑，使得 CAR-T 细胞难以定位在实体瘤中。其次，肿瘤微环境中的可溶性抑制剂和抑制性免疫细胞会抑制甚至使 T 细胞失活。第三，CAR-T 细胞的低存活率和增殖率会显著影响治疗效果。作为一种新兴方法，纳米技术具有增强细胞增殖、激活 T 细胞和重新启动免疫反应的巨大潜力。在这篇综述中，我们讨论了纳米技术如何通过各种方法修饰 CAR-T 细胞，以提高实体瘤的治疗效果。
