Department of Psychology, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
Behavioural Science Institute, Radboud University, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
Child Dev. 2022 Sep;93(5):1493-1510. doi: 10.1111/cdev.13766. Epub 2022 Apr 11.
Adversity-exposed youth tend to score lower on cognitive tests. However, the hidden talents approach proposes some abilities are enhanced by adversity, especially under ecologically relevant conditions. Two versions of an attention-shifting and working memory updating task-one abstract, one ecological-were administered to 618 youth (M = 13.62, SD = 0.81; 48.22% female; 64.56% White). Measures of environmental unpredictability, violence, and poverty were collected to test adversity × task version interactions. There were no interactions for attention shifting. For working memory updating, youth exposed to violence and poverty scored lower than their peers with abstract stimuli but almost just as well with ecological stimuli. These results are striking compared to contemporary developmental science, which often reports lowered performance among adversity-exposed youth.
逆境中成长的青少年在认知测试中的得分往往较低。然而，逆境暴露的天赋方法表明，一些能力会因逆境而增强，尤其是在生态相关的条件下。注意力转移和工作记忆更新任务的两个版本——一个抽象，一个生态——被施测于 618 名青少年（M = 13.62，SD = 0.81；48.22%为女性；64.56%为白人）。收集了环境不确定性、暴力和贫困的测量指标，以检验逆境与任务版本的相互作用。注意力转移没有相互作用。对于工作记忆更新，暴露于暴力和贫困的青少年在抽象刺激下的得分低于同龄人，但在生态刺激下的得分几乎一样好。与当代发展科学相比，这些结果令人震惊，因为后者通常报告逆境暴露的青少年表现下降。
