D'Oronzio Maria Assunta, De Vivo Carmela, Lettieri Teresa, Telesca Paola, Verrascina Milena
CREA, Council for Agricultural Research and Agricultural Economics Analysis Research Center for Politics and Bioeconomy, 85100 Potenza, Italy.
CREA, Council for Agricultural Research and Agricultural Economics Analysis Research Center for Politics and Bioeconomy, 00198 Roma, Italy.
Animals (Basel). 2022 Mar 31;12(7):884. doi: 10.3390/ani12070884.
European agriculture and rural development policies have promoted the diversity and genetic types of autochthonous breeds to increase sheep and goat biodiversity. Agri-environmental measures to support livestock farmers, have been the main tools used by these policies over the last twenty years. The COLAUTOC, "Collection of a seed bank for native sheep and goat breeds and strategies to increase their numbers", research project in Basilicata, Southern Italy, investigated sheep and goat farms with autochthonous breeds with results proving a reduction in the number of sheep and goat farms in general, particularly those with native breeds at risk of extinction, a clear indication of policy failure with a devastating loss of sheep and goat biodiversity. The COLAUTOC used a variety of methodological tools, including, desk analysis, focus groups, interviews, school workshops and a survey on sheep and goat meat consumption. The results indicated that a recovery in sheep and goat biodiversity could be achieved by supporting farm livestock strategies with a view to diversify production methods and activities, whilst, recognizing the value added to the territory, landscape, biodiversity and sustainability. The strategies identified by the COLAUTOC project require a local vision, using agri-environmental funds to invest in training on innovation for farms, provide tools to improve the quality of life in the rural areas, to increase communication channels to further knowledge and awareness of biodiversity. These strategies could contribute to meeting several 2030 Agenda goals.
欧洲农业和农村发展政策促进了本土品种的多样性和遗传类型，以增加绵羊和山羊的生物多样性。在过去二十年里，支持畜牧养殖户的农业环境措施一直是这些政策使用的主要工具。意大利南部巴斯利卡塔的“本土绵羊和山羊品种种子库收集及增加其数量的策略”（COLAUTOC）研究项目，对养殖本土品种的绵羊和山羊农场进行了调查，结果表明绵羊和山羊农场的总体数量有所减少，尤其是那些养殖有灭绝风险的本土品种的农场，这清楚地表明了政策的失败，绵羊和山羊的生物多样性遭受了毁灭性损失。COLAUTOC使用了多种方法工具，包括案头分析、焦点小组、访谈、学校工作坊以及一项关于绵羊和山羊肉消费的调查。结果表明，通过支持农场畜牧策略以实现生产方法和活动的多样化，同时认识到对地域、景观、生物多样性和可持续性的附加值，绵羊和山羊的生物多样性有望恢复。COLAUTOC项目确定的策略需要有地方视野，利用农业环境资金投资于农场创新培训，提供改善农村地区生活质量的工具，增加沟通渠道以进一步传播生物多样性知识和提高认识。这些策略有助于实现多项《2030年议程》目标。
