Buck Ryan, Flores-Rentería Lluvia
Department of Biology, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA 92182, USA.
Plants (Basel). 2022 Mar 28;11(7):895. doi: 10.3390/plants11070895.
Despite their evolutionary relevance, multispecies networks or syngameons are rarely reported in the literature. Discovering how syngameons form and how they are maintained can give insight into processes such as adaptive radiations, island colonizations, and the creation of new hybrid lineages. Understanding these complex hybridization networks is even more pressing with anthropogenic climate change, as syngameons may have unique synergistic properties that will allow participating species to persist. The formation of a syngameon is not insurmountable, as several ways for a syngameon to form have been proposed, depending mostly on the magnitude and frequency of gene flow events, as well as the relatedness of its participants. Episodic hybridization with small amounts of introgression may keep syngameons stable and protect their participants from any detrimental effects of gene flow. As genomic sequencing becomes cheaper and more species are included in studies, the number of known syngameons is expected to increase. Syngameons must be considered in conservation efforts as the extinction of one participating species may have detrimental effects on the survival of all other species in the network.
尽管多物种网络或复合种在进化上具有重要意义，但文献中对它们的报道却很少。了解复合种是如何形成以及如何维持的，有助于深入了解适应性辐射、岛屿殖民化和新杂交谱系的产生等过程。随着人为气候变化的加剧，了解这些复杂的杂交网络变得更加紧迫，因为复合种可能具有独特的协同特性，使参与其中的物种得以存续。复合种的形成并非不可逾越，目前已经提出了几种复合种形成的方式，这主要取决于基因流事件的规模和频率，以及参与物种之间的亲缘关系。少量基因渗入的偶发性杂交可能会使复合种保持稳定，并保护其参与者免受基因流的任何有害影响。随着基因组测序成本降低，研究中纳入的物种增多，预计已知复合种的数量将会增加。在保护工作中必须考虑复合种，因为其中一个参与物种的灭绝可能会对网络中所有其他物种的生存产生不利影响。
