Center for Nutrition, Prevention and Health Services, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, 3721 MA Bilthoven, The Netherlands.
Department of Public and Occupational Health, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Amsterdam University Medical Center, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2022 Mar 25;19(7):3904. doi: 10.3390/ijerph19073904.
The workplace is an ideal environment for promoting workers' health. Nevertheless, preventive health measures are insufficiently implemented, especially in small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) with up to 250 employees. The aim of this study was to investigate determinants for the implementation of measures to prevent musculoskeletal and mental health disorders from the perspective of enterprise representatives in Dutch SMEs. An online survey was completed by 79 SME representatives (e.g., owners, HR professionals and occupational health and safety officers) in the cleaning, care, construction and transport sectors. In addition, semi-structured interviews were conducted with 18 enterprise representatives. The interview transcripts were analyzed using an inductive approach. Survey data showed that the focus of prevention efforts by SMEs is on improving working conditions and complying with legally required occupational health requirements, while lifestyle measures are rarely implemented. The determinants of implementation according to enterprise representatives were associated with 10 distinct themes. These were (1) available resources (both finances and staff), (2) complexity of implementation of measures, (3) awareness, (4) knowledge and expertise, (5) availability of time, (6) employer and worker commitment, (7) workers' openness for measures, (8) communication, (9) workers' trust and autonomy and (10) integration in organizational policy. These findings can serve as a support for developing strategies for implementing preventive health measures in SMEs.
工作场所是促进工人健康的理想环境。然而，预防保健措施的实施并不充分，特别是在员工人数不超过 250 人的中小企业（SMEs）中。本研究的目的是从荷兰中小企业企业代表的角度调查实施预防肌肉骨骼和心理健康障碍措施的决定因素。清洁、护理、建筑和运输行业的 79 名中小企业代表（例如，所有者、人力资源专业人员和职业健康与安全官员）在线完成了调查。此外，还对 18 名企业代表进行了半结构化访谈。使用归纳法对访谈记录进行了分析。调查数据显示，中小企业预防工作的重点是改善工作条件和遵守法律规定的职业健康要求，而很少实施生活方式措施。根据企业代表的实施决定因素与 10 个不同的主题相关。这些主题是：（1）可用资源（财务和人员），（2）措施实施的复杂性，（3）意识，（4）知识和专业技能，（5）时间可用性，（6）雇主和工人的承诺，（7）工人对措施的开放性，（8）沟通，（9）工人的信任和自主权，（10）纳入组织政策。这些发现可以为在中小企业中实施预防保健措施的战略制定提供支持。
