Department of Medicine and Surgery, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, 43204 Reus, Spain.
Health Department, Catalan Basketball Federation, 08018 Barcelona, Spain.
Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2022 Mar 29;19(7):4077. doi: 10.3390/ijerph19074077.
(1) Background: The aim of the present study was to evaluate and to detect neuromuscular deficiencies in static and dynamic tests among federated youth basketball players. (2) Methods: Cross-sectional study with 778 basketball players. Specific tests and trials were conducted to evaluate members of teams from several clubs in male and female from under 12 (U12) to under 17 (U17) categories. The evaluations consisted of static physical measurements and dynamic measurements. (3) Results: 575 players were included in this study. A total of 95% of participants are unable to keep their ankle stable in monopodial loading; 86% present dynamic lower extremity valgus with statistically significant differences between categories ( = 0.004); 94% are unable to keep the pelvis stable when performing a single-leg squat; 93% are unable to keep their trunk stable when performing the same movement. During landing, 96% present dynamic lower extremity valgus. The thighs of 92% do not reach parallel (peak of jump). (4) Conclusions: The most frequent neuromuscular deficits in federated youth basketball players are related to instability, the most frequent being ankle instability, followed by lumbo-pelvic instability, dynamic postural instability and dynamic knee valgus. Deficits in jumping/landing technique are also very frequent in all the items analyzed (jumping, landing and plyometrics). The performed tests, which mostly showed a poor performance by the sample, can be indicative of injury probability.
（1）背景：本研究旨在评估和检测青少年篮球运动员在静态和动态测试中的神经肌肉缺陷。（2）方法：这是一项横断面研究，共有 778 名篮球运动员参与。对来自不同俱乐部的男女 U12 至 U17 年龄段的篮球队成员进行了特定的测试和试验。评估包括静态身体测量和动态测量。（3）结果：本研究共纳入 575 名运动员。共有 95%的参与者无法在单腿负重时保持踝关节稳定；86%的参与者存在动态下肢外翻，且各年龄段间存在统计学差异（=0.004）；94%的参与者在进行单腿深蹲时无法保持骨盆稳定；93%的参与者在进行同样的动作时无法保持躯干稳定。在落地时，96%的参与者存在动态下肢外翻。92%的参与者大腿无法达到平行（跳跃顶点）。（4）结论：在青少年篮球运动员中，最常见的神经肌肉缺陷与不稳定有关，最常见的是踝关节不稳定，其次是腰骶部不稳定、动态姿势不稳定和动态膝外翻。在所有分析的项目中（跳跃、落地和增强式训练），跳跃/落地技术缺陷也非常常见。所进行的测试大多显示出样本表现不佳，这可能表明存在受伤的概率。
