School of Arts and Cultures, Newcastle University, Newcastle NE1 7RU, UK.
Department of Sport and Exercise Sciences, Durham University, Durham DH1 3LE, UK.
Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2022 Mar 31;19(7):4170. doi: 10.3390/ijerph19074170.
Our aim for this research was to identify and examine how recreation enthusiasts cope with and mitigate the violence of pollution as they strive for wellbeing in polluted "blue spaces" (e.g., seas, oceans). Our methodology to undertake the research was ethnography (online and offline), including autoethnography and informal interviews (40). The study proceeded from a constructivist epistemology which emphasizes that knowledge is situated and perspectival. The study site was a post-industrial area of northeast England where a long-standing but also rapidly growing surfing culture has to live with pollution (legacy and ongoing). We found evidence of what have become quotidian tactics that attach to themes of familiarity, embodiment, resignation, denial, and affect/emotion used by enthusiasts to cope with and mitigate the violence of pollution. We argue that by necessity some surfers are persisting in striving for wellbeing not simply pollution but rather pollution. We assert surfers enact a "resigned activism" that influences their persistence. We extend critical scholarship concerning relationships between recreation, blue spaces, and wellbeing by moving beyond a restrictive binary of focusing on either threats and risks opportunities and benefits of blue space to health and wellbeing, instead showing how striving for wellbeing through recreation in the presence of pollution provides evidence of how such efforts are more negotiated, fluid, situated, uncertain, dissonant, and even political than any such binary structure allows for.
我们这项研究的目的是识别和考察娱乐爱好者如何应对和减轻污染的暴力，同时在污染的“蓝色空间”（如海洋）中追求健康。我们采用民族志（线上和线下）方法开展研究，包括自传民族志和非正式访谈（40 次）。该研究基于建构主义认识论，强调知识是情境化和有视角的。研究地点是英格兰东北部的一个后工业地区，那里长期以来存在着，但也在迅速发展的冲浪文化，必须与污染（遗留和正在发生的污染）共存。我们发现了一些常见策略的证据，这些策略与熟悉、体现、顺从、否认和情感/情绪等主题有关，娱乐爱好者用这些策略来应对和减轻污染的暴力。我们认为，由于环境的限制，一些冲浪者为了健康和幸福而坚持在污染的环境中追求幸福，而不是简单地应对污染。我们断言，冲浪者采取了“顺从的行动主义”，这影响了他们的坚持。我们通过超越关注蓝色空间对健康和幸福的威胁和风险与机会和利益的二元对立，进一步扩展了关于娱乐、蓝色空间和幸福感之间关系的批判性学术研究，而是展示了如何在存在污染的情况下通过娱乐来追求幸福感，从而证明了这些努力比任何二元结构都更加具有协商性、流动性、情境性、不确定性、不和谐性，甚至政治性。
