机械除草对八角（Illicium verum Hook.f.）人工林土壤肥力和微生物群落结构的影响。
Effects of mechanical weeding on soil fertility and microbial community structure in star anise (Illicium verum Hook.f.) plantations.
机构信息
Guangxi Forestry Research Institute/Guangxi Key Laboratory of Special Non-wood Forest Cultivation & Utilization/Engineering and Technology Research Center for Anise and Cinnamon of State Forestry and Grassland Administration/Guangxi Engineering and Technology Research Center for Woody Spices, Nanning, China.
Agricultural College, Guangxi University, Nanning, China.
出版信息
PLoS One. 2022 Apr 12;17(4):e0266949. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0266949. eCollection 2022.
Recently, the effects of weed control on crop yield, quality and soil fertility have been increasingly investigated. However, soil microorganism diversity under weed control, especially for aromatic plants, is little studied. Mechanical weeding effects on soil fertility and microbial diversity in star anise plantations remain unknown, limiting improvements in crop quality and yield through weed control. Therefore, mechanical weeding (MW) and no weeding (NW) zones were randomly designed in the same star anise plantation to study the mechanical weeding impacts on soil biological properties and microbial diversity. The phosphatase activity of MW soil was significantly higher than that of NW soil; however, aminopeptidase activity was significantly lower than that under NW. There was no significant difference in β-glucosidase activity between MW and NW. Moreover, soil microbial biomass C and N in MW soil were significantly higher than those of NW, but soil microbial biomass P was significantly lower than that of NW. Proteobacteria, Acidobacteria, Actinobacteria, Chloroflexi, Planctomycetes, WPS-2, Firmicutes and Verrucomicrobia were the predominant bacterial phyla in MW and NW soils. Specifically, Bacteroidetes was enriched in MW soil, being the unique dominant bacteria. Ascomycota, Basidiomycota, unclassified_k_Fungi, Rozellomycota and Mortierellomycota were the predominant fungi in MW and NW soils. The numbers of dominant bacterial genera (> 1%) were 26 and 23 for NW and MW soils, respectively. Among them, norank_f__norank_o__norank_c__Subgroup_6, 1921-2 and norank_f__norank_o__B12-WMSP1 went undetected in MW soil. Moreover, the numbers of dominant fungi in soils of star anise plantations were 11 and 9 for NW and MW, respectively. Among them, only unclassified_f__Clavicipitaceae and Mortierella went undetected in MW soils. Thus, soil microbial community structures are not significantly altered by mechanical weeding. The above results suggest that soil fertility can be improved and soil heath can be maintained by mechanical weeding in star anise plantations. Moreover, soil-borne diseases maybe easily occurred under NW treatment in star anise plantation.
最近，人们越来越关注杂草控制对作物产量、质量和土壤肥力的影响。然而，杂草控制下土壤微生物多样性，特别是芳香植物，研究甚少。机械除草对八角种植园土壤肥力和微生物多样性的影响尚不清楚，限制了通过杂草控制提高作物质量和产量。因此，在同一八角种植园中随机设计了机械除草（MW）和不除草（NW）区，以研究机械除草对土壤生物特性和微生物多样性的影响。MW 土壤的磷酸酶活性明显高于 NW 土壤，而氨肽酶活性明显低于 NW。MW 和 NW 土壤的β-葡萄糖苷酶活性无显著差异。此外，MW 土壤的微生物生物量 C 和 N 明显高于 NW，而微生物生物量 P 明显低于 NW。MW 和 NW 土壤中的优势细菌门为变形菌门、酸杆菌门、放线菌门、绿弯菌门、浮霉菌门、WPS-2、厚壁菌门和疣微菌门。具体而言，Bacteroidetes 在 MW 土壤中富集，是独特的优势细菌。子囊菌门、担子菌门、未分类的 f__真菌门、Rozellomycota 和 Mortierellomycota 是 MW 和 NW 土壤中的优势真菌。NW 和 MW 土壤中优势细菌属（> 1%）的数量分别为 26 和 23。其中，norank_f__norank_o__norank_c__Subgroup_6、1921-2 和 norank_f__norank_o__B12-WMSP1 在 MW 土壤中未检测到。此外，八角种植园土壤中优势真菌的数量分别为 NW 和 MW 的 11 和 9。其中，只有未分类的 f__Clavicipitaceae 和 Mortierella 在 MW 土壤中未检测到。因此，机械除草不会显著改变土壤微生物群落结构。上述结果表明，机械除草可以提高八角种植园的土壤肥力，保持土壤健康。此外，在八角种植园中，NW 处理可能容易发生土壤传播疾病。
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