Tyler J P, Dobler K J, Driscoll G L, Stewart G J
Clin Reprod Fertil. 1986 Oct;4(5):305-17.
Artificial insemination by donor (AID) provides a necessary service to a significant number of infertile couples. Its practice has been well controlled in Australia by careful donor screening and selection of suitable recipients. The potential for transmission of several infectious diseases has demanded a vigorous protocol for donor assessment and a strong movement away from the use of fresh semen. The description of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) transmission by AID has increased the need for vigilance and has mandated, both by common sense and by Health Department Requirement (in Australia), the universal use of frozen donations. Antibody testing for HIV is not fail safe and must be supported by a carefully constructed lifestyle declaration form and a drive to recruit monogamous donors. The recruitment of sufficient donors has always been a problem and the advent of the HIV has not helped. Whilst transmission to laboratory staff appears to represent an extremely low risk, this possibility has required the development of safety protocols and appropriate staff training. This review outlines the current problems of running an AID programme given the knowledge that the HIV can be maintained in liquid nitrogen and transmitted atraumatically to a recipient.
供体人工授精（AID）为大量不孕夫妇提供了一项必要的服务。在澳大利亚，通过对供体进行仔细筛选以及挑选合适的受体，该技术的应用得到了很好的控制。多种传染病传播的可能性要求制定严格的供体评估方案，并大力减少新鲜精液的使用。供体人工授精导致人类免疫缺陷病毒（HIV）传播的报道增加了人们保持警惕的必要性，并且根据常识以及澳大利亚卫生部的要求，普遍使用冷冻捐赠精液成为了一项规定。HIV抗体检测并非万无一失，必须辅以精心设计的生活方式声明表，并努力招募实行一夫一妻制的供体。招募足够数量的供体一直是个问题，而HIV的出现更是雪上加霜。虽然HIV传播给实验室工作人员的风险似乎极低，但这种可能性促使人们制定安全方案并对工作人员进行适当培训。鉴于已知HIV可在液氮中存活并在无创伤的情况下传播给受体，本综述概述了当前开展供体人工授精项目存在的问题。
