Centre for Technology Alternatives for Rural Areas, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai 400 076, India.
Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai 400 076, India.
Carbohydr Polym. 2022 Jul 1;287:119355. doi: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2022.119355. Epub 2022 Mar 15.
The ubiquity, low cost and biocompatibility make polysaccharides a material of choice in food, pharmaceutical, cosmeceutical, textile and paper industries. From the age-old process of pectin addition in jams to the latest developments of bio-nanocomposites with polysaccharides in biosensing, developments in applications of polysaccharides and their derivatives have gone hand-in-hand with the technological progress. This review gives an overview on the recent advances in the use of microbial exopolysaccharides, polysaccharide modifications, conjugation with non-polysaccharide biomolecules, their applications in nutraceutical/drug delivery and their therapeutic potential along with gelled matrices, nanotechnology and packaging advances. The safety, toxicity and potential biological activities such as immunomodulatory, antioxidant, anticancer, hypocholesterolemic, hypoglycemic and prebiotic have been thoroughly reviewed. The ability of polysaccharides and their derivatives in their nano forms coupled with their unique physicochemical properties has been exploited innovatively by researchers globally for applications such as delivery systems for drugs/nutraceuticals/phytochemicals among many others which are also discussed.
多糖的普遍存在、低成本和生物相容性使其成为食品、制药、化妆品、纺织和造纸等行业的首选材料。从果胶在果酱中的古老添加工艺到最新的生物纳米复合材料中多糖在生物传感方面的发展，多糖及其衍生物的应用与技术进步齐头并进。本文综述了微生物胞外多糖的最新应用进展，包括多糖的修饰、与非多糖生物分子的结合、在营养/药物传递中的应用及其治疗潜力，以及凝胶基质、纳米技术和包装技术的进展。本文还详细综述了多糖及其衍生物的安全性、毒性和潜在生物学活性，如免疫调节、抗氧化、抗癌、降胆固醇、降血糖和益生元。多糖及其衍生物的纳米形式及其独特的物理化学性质被全球研究人员创新性地利用，用于药物/营养/植物化学物质等的输送系统等多种应用，本文也对此进行了讨论。
