Hitchcock Caitlin, Rodrigues Evangeline, Rees Catrin, Gormley Siobhan, Dritschel Barbara, Dalgleish Tim
Medical Research Council Cognition and Brain Sciences Unit, University of Cambridge.
Cambridgeshire and Peterborough National Health Service Foundation Trust.
Clin Psychol Sci. 2019 Jul;7(4):693-700. doi: 10.1177/2167702619826967. Epub 2019 Feb 28.
Impaired retrieval of specific, autobiographical memories of personally experienced events is characteristic of major depressive disorder (MDD). However, findings in subclinical samples suggest that the reduced specificity phenomenon may reflect a broader impairment in the deliberate retrieval of all autobiographical memory types. This experiment ( = 68) explored this possibility by requiring individuals with and without MDD to complete a cued-recall task that required retrieval of specific, single-incident memories to a block of cues; retrieval of categoric, general memories to a block of cues; and to alternate between retrieval of specific and general memories for a block of cues. Results demonstrated that relative to never-depressed controls, individuals with MDD experience reduced recall of both specific ( = 0.48) and general memories ( = 1.00) along with reduced flexibility in alternating between specific and general memories ( = 0.90). Findings support further development of autobiographical memory-based interventions that target a range of retrieval deficits rather than specificity alone.
对亲身经历事件的特定自传体记忆提取受损是重度抑郁症（MDD）的特征。然而，亚临床样本的研究结果表明，特异性降低现象可能反映出在刻意提取所有自传体记忆类型时存在更广泛的损伤。本实验（N = 68）通过要求患有和未患有MDD的个体完成一项线索回忆任务来探究这种可能性，该任务要求针对一组线索提取特定的单事件记忆；针对一组线索提取分类的、一般性记忆；并在针对一组线索提取特定和一般性记忆之间交替。结果表明，相对于从未患抑郁症的对照组，患有MDD的个体对特定记忆（d = 0.48）和一般性记忆的回忆（d = 1.00）均减少，并且在特定和一般性记忆之间交替的灵活性降低（d = 0.90）。研究结果支持进一步开发基于自传体记忆的干预措施，这些措施针对一系列提取缺陷，而不仅仅是特异性。
