Tóth Gábor, Szabó Dorottya, Sándor Gábor László, Nagy Zoltán Zsolt, Limburg Hans, Németh János
1 Semmelweis Egyetem, Általános Orvostudományi Kar, Szemészeti Klinika Budapest, Üllői út 26., 1085 Magyarország.
2 Health Information Services Grootebroek The Netherlands.
Orv Hetil. 2022 Apr 17;163(16):624-630. doi: 10.1556/650.2022.32440.
Introduction: Posterior segment diseases are the most common causes of blindness and visual impairment in devel-oped countries among people aged 50 years and older in Hungary. Objective: The purpose of this study was to estimate the prevalence of visual impairment and blindness caused by posterior segment diseases in the population aged 50 years and older in Hungary. Method: 105 census enumeration units were randomly selected with a probability proportional to size by the Hungar-ian Central Statistical Office. The standardised Rapid Assessment of Avoidable Blindness (RAAB) method was used. Participants underwent eye examination with a direct ophthalmoscope. Participants underwent visual acuity testing with a Snellen tumbling E-chart with or without a pinhole. Dilated fundus examination was performed in diabetic participants using an indirect binocular ophthalmoscope. Results: In total, 3523 (95.9%) out of 3675 eligible people were examined, of whom the prevalence of bilateral blind-ness and severe visual impairment was 0.7% and 0.2%, respectively. The most common causes of visual impairment caused by posterior segment diseases were age-related macular degeneration (1.419%), glaucoma (0.397%), diabetic retinopathy (0.341%) and rhegmatogenous retinal detachment (0.198%). The most common causes of blindness caused by posterior segment diseases were age-related macular degeneration (37.5%), glaucoma (16.7%), diabetic retinopathy (8.3%), high myopia (8.3%), rhegmatogenous retinal detachment (8.3%) and retinitis pigmentosa (8.3%). Conclusion: Prevalence of severe visual impairment and blindness caused by posterior segment diseases was lower compared to results of RAAB surveys in other countries. The frequency order of different posterior segment diseases was in line with developed countries. Availability of eye care should be improved and financing should be modernized due to the continuously increasing number of patients with age-related macular degeneration, glaucoma, diabetes and pathologic myopia.
在匈牙利，后段疾病是50岁及以上人群中导致失明和视力损害的最常见原因。目的：本研究旨在估计匈牙利50岁及以上人群中由后段疾病引起的视力损害和失明的患病率。方法：匈牙利中央统计局按规模比例概率随机选取了105个普查枚举单位。采用标准化的可避免失明快速评估（RAAB）方法。参与者使用直接检眼镜进行眼部检查。参与者使用斯内伦翻转E视力表，有或没有针孔进行视力测试。糖尿病参与者使用间接双目检眼镜进行散瞳眼底检查。结果：在3675名符合条件的人中，共有3523人（95.9%）接受了检查，其中双侧失明和严重视力损害的患病率分别为0.7%和0.2%。后段疾病导致视力损害的最常见原因是年龄相关性黄斑变性（1.419%）、青光眼（0.397%）、糖尿病视网膜病变（0.341%）和孔源性视网膜脱离（0.198%）。后段疾病导致失明的最常见原因是年龄相关性黄斑变性（37.5%）、青光眼（16.7%）、糖尿病视网膜病变（8.3%）、高度近视（8.3%）、孔源性视网膜脱离（8.3%）和视网膜色素变性（8.3%）。结论：与其他国家的RAAB调查结果相比，后段疾病导致的严重视力损害和失明的患病率较低。不同后段疾病的频率顺序与发达国家一致。由于年龄相关性黄斑变性、青光眼、糖尿病和病理性近视患者数量不断增加，应改善眼科护理的可及性并使融资现代化。
