Fuchs Judith, Gaertner Beate, Prütz Franziska
Robert Koch Institute, Berlin Department of Epidemiology and Health Monitoring.
J Health Monit. 2022 Mar 30;7(1):6-25. doi: 10.25646/9570. eCollection 2022 Mar.
Being able to perform activities of daily living is an important component of a person's ability to function. If these activities are impaired, support is needed. Using data from GEDA 2019/2020-EHIS, we present how many people aged 55 and older living in private households in Germany experience limitations in activities of daily living. Severe limitations in basic (fundamental) activities (e.g. food intake) are reported by 5.8% of women and 3.7% of men. The proportion increases with age as 13.4% of women and 9.0% of men aged 80 and older experience limitations. Severe limitations of instrumental activities of daily living (e.g. grocery shopping) are rather rare in participants less than 80 years of age. But at age 80 and older the proportion rises to 35.9% of women and 21.0% of men. A total of 68.1% of afflicted women and 57.5% of men receive help and support related to limitations of basic activities. Women are also more likely to report a lack of support (48.8% vs. 43.2%). The situation is slightly better with regard to instrumental activities. The results of GEDA 2019/2020-EHIS show in which areas of daily life older and very old people are impaired, give an impression of who is affected particularly strongly and indicate where support services are insufficient. As such, these results provide clues as to where support can be provided to enable older people to keep living in their own homes for a long time.
能够进行日常生活活动是一个人功能能力的重要组成部分。如果这些活动受到损害，就需要得到支持。利用德国老年健康研究（GEDA）2019/2020 - 欧洲健康访谈调查（EHIS）的数据，我们展示了德国居住在私人家庭中的55岁及以上人群在日常生活活动中受到限制的人数。据报告，5.8%的女性和3.7%的男性在基本（基础）活动（如进食）方面存在严重限制。随着年龄增长，这一比例上升，80岁及以上的女性中有13.4%、男性中有9.0%存在此类限制。在80岁以下的参与者中，日常生活工具性活动（如购物）的严重限制情况较为罕见。但在80岁及以上人群中，这一比例上升至35.9%的女性和21.0%的男性。共有68.1%的患病女性和57.5%的患病男性因基本活动受限而获得帮助和支持。女性也更有可能报告缺乏支持（48.8%对43.2%）。在工具性活动方面情况稍好一些。GEDA 2019/2020 - EHIS的结果显示了老年人和高龄老人在日常生活的哪些方面受到损害，让人了解哪些人受影响尤为严重，并指出支持服务不足的地方。因此，这些结果为可以提供支持以使老年人能够长期居家生活的地点提供了线索。
