Prevalence of metabolic syndrome in a Russian population: The Ural Eye and Medical Study and the Ural Very Old Study.

PURPOSE

To examine prevalence and associated factors of the metabolic syndrome (MS) in populations in Russia.

METHODS

Two population-based studies (Ural Eye and Medical Study (UEMS), Ural Very Old Study (UVOS)) were conducted in rural and urban regions in Bashkortostan/Russia and included participants aged 40+ years and 85+ years, respectively.

RESULTS

Out of 5895 UEMS participants, 1572 individuals had MS (prevalence:26.7%; 95% confidence interval (CI):25.5,27.8). The criteria of waist circumference, blood pressure, hyperglycemia, serum high-density lipoprotein concentration and serum triglyceride concentration were fulfilled by 4269 (72.4%; 95%CI:71.3,73.6), 3168 (53.7%; 95%CI:52.5,55.1), 1375 (23.3%; 95%CI:22.4,24.6), 712 (13.3%; 95%CI:12.4,14.2), and 1527 (28.6%; 95%CI:27.4,29.8) individuals, respectively. Higher MS prevalence was associated with older age (odds ratio (OR):1.03; 95%CI:1.02,1.04; < 0.001), female sex (OR:1.93; 95%CI:1.51,2.47; < 0.001), higher body height (OR:1.03; 95%CI:1.01,1.04; < 0.001), Russian ethnicity (OR:1.38; 95%CI:1.13,1.70; = 0.002), lower ankle-brachial index (OR:0.19; 95%CI:0.11,0.30; < 0.001), higher prevalence of lower backache (OR:1.29; 95%CI:1.08,1.52; = 0.004), cardiovascular disease (OR:2.32; 95%CI:1.92,2.78; < 0.001) and thyroid disease (OR:1.41; 95%CI:1.04,1.92; = 0.03), lower international normalized ratio (OR:0.55; 95%CI:0.32,0.95; = 0.03), lower prevalence of current smoking (OR:0.67; 95%CI:0.50,0.89; = 0.006), and higher prevalence of alcohol consumption (OR:1.35; 95%CI:1.11,1.64; = 0.003). Out of 1124 UVOS participants (age:88.2 ± 2.7 years; range:85-100 years), MS was present in 485 individuals (prevalence:43.1%; 95%CI:40.3,46.1). The criteria of waist circumference, blood pressure, hyperglycemia, serum high-density lipoprotein concentration and serum triglyceride concentration were fulfilled by 853 (75.9%; 95%CI:73.4,78.4), 1057 (94.0%; 95%CI:92.7,95.4), 320 (26.9%; 95%CI:24.3,29.5), 525 (46.7%; 95%CI:43.8,49.6), and 337 (30.0%; 95%CI:27.3,32.7, individuals, respectively. Higher MS prevalence was associated with female sex (OR:2.30; 95%CI:1.72,3.09; < 0.001) and higher serum concentration of aspartate transaminase (OR:1.02; 95%CI:1.01,1.03; = 0.007).

CONCLUSIONS

MS is common in Russia, increases with age up to about 70 years and then plateaus, is more common in women, and differs in its associated factors between middle-aged and very old populations.