Department of Health Policy and Management, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.
Department of Medical Management, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan.
Med Educ Online. 2022 Dec;27(1):2066496. doi: 10.1080/10872981.2022.2066496.
This study intended to develop and assess the psychometric properties of a caring behavior scale on healthcare students and providers (CBS-HSP) in a Taiwanese population. After a literature review was conducted and an expert panel was consulted for item generation, 104 items for the CBS-HSP scale were derived on a nine-point Likert scale, with 9 indicating 'extremely important' and 1 indicating 'extremely unimportant.' A pilot study was then conducted with seven hundred forty-eight healthcare students and providers in Taiwan for further data analysis. The statistic software used in the study was SPSS for the exploratory factor analysis (EFA) and AMOS for the confirmatory factor analysis (CFA). Also, to examine the psychometric properties of the scale, internal consistency, convergent validities, discriminant validities, and model fit indices were calculated in the study. The EFA results derived 31 items in four factors, with 65.742% of the total variance explained: 'support and attentiveness' (11 items; 48.714% of the variance explained), 'professional knowledge and skills' (8 items; 8.226% of the variance explained), 'gratifying needs and responsiveness' (7 items; 5.236% of the variance explained), and 'confidentiality and trust' (5 items; 3.566% of the variance explained). The Cronbach's alphas for the four subscales and the overall scale ranged from 0.894 to 0.964. The CFA results yielded the same 31 items, with the same four factors. The CFA results demonstrated good to excellent model fit in the χ2/df ratio (1.242), GFI (0.988), CFI (0.988), TFI (0.985), and RMSEA (0.031). The Cronbach's alphas ranged between 0.866 and 0.971; the composite alphas ranged between 0.854 and 0.964. The convergent and discriminant validities also proved the stability of the CBS-HSP scale. The research results indicated that the developed CBS-HSP appeared to be a reliable instrument to measure healthcare students' and providers' caring behaviors.
本研究旨在开发并评估针对台湾地区医护学生和医护人员的关怀行为量表（CBS-HSP）的心理计量学特性。通过文献回顾和专家小组咨询进行项目生成后，CBS-HSP 量表共有 104 个项目，采用 9 点 Likert 量表，其中 9 表示“极其重要”，1 表示“极其不重要”。然后在台湾对 748 名医护学生和医护人员进行了试点研究，以进一步进行数据分析。研究中使用的统计软件是 SPSS 进行探索性因素分析（EFA）和 AMOS 进行验证性因素分析（CFA）。此外，为了检验量表的心理计量学特性，还计算了量表的内部一致性、收敛有效性、区别有效性和模型拟合指数。EFA 结果得出 4 个因素中的 31 个项目，总方差解释率为 65.742%：“支持和关注”（11 个项目；解释方差的 48.714%）、“专业知识和技能”（8 个项目；解释方差的 8.226%）、“满足需求和响应能力”（7 个项目；解释方差的 5.236%）和“保密性和信任”（5 个项目；解释方差的 3.566%）。四个分量表和总量表的 Cronbach's alpha 值范围在 0.894 到 0.964 之间。CFA 结果得出相同的 31 个项目，具有相同的四个因素。CFA 结果表明，χ2/df 比值（1.242）、GFI（0.988）、CFI（0.988）、TFI（0.985）和 RMSEA（0.031）的模型拟合良好至优秀。Cronbach's alpha 值范围在 0.866 到 0.971 之间；综合 alpha 值范围在 0.854 到 0.964 之间。收敛有效性和区别有效性也证明了 CBS-HSP 量表的稳定性。研究结果表明，开发的 CBS-HSP 似乎是一种可靠的工具，可以衡量医护学生和医护人员的关怀行为。
