Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guru Jambheshwar University of Science and Technology, Hisar, India.
Internal Medicine, Kansas University Medical Center, Kansas, KS, USA.
Endocr Metab Immune Disord Drug Targets. 2022;22(10):985-996. doi: 10.2174/1871530322666220419125131.
Thyroid hormones play a vital role in regulating our body's metabolism. Two important thyroid hormones released from the thyroid gland are tri-iodothyronine (T3) and tetra-iodothyronine (T4). Thyroid-stimulating hormone and thyroid regulating hormone control the T3 and T4 levels in our body. Increased TSH levels indicate hypothyroidism and decreased TSH levels indicate hyperthyroidism. Iodine is a crucial nutrient for the synthesis of thyroid hormones and is mostly obtained from our diet. Other essential nutrients for the thyroid hormones formation include selenium, iron, vitamin D, vitamin B12, etc. Dietary changes in these nutrients can result in alterations in thyroid function and structure. Although normally, the hormonal diseases cannot be cured, but we can improve their signs and symptoms using suitable dietary supplements.
The aim of the study was to thoroughly analyze the various benefits and risks associated with the use of dietary supplements for the prevention and treatment of various thyroid disorders, like hypothyroidism, as seen in Hashimoto's thyroiditis; hyperthyroidism, as seen in Graves' disease; sick euthyroidism and subclinical hypothyroidism.
Literature was searched using the search terms "dietary supplements+thyroid diseases" on Pubmed, Google Scholar, Scopus, Cochrane Library, and other search engines, and data were collected from 1967 to November, 2021, including research inputs from the authors. The literature was thoroughly searched, and deep knowledge was acquired on this topic, which was then sequentially organized and summarized using suitable tables and figures.
After analyzing various studies on this topic, we arrived at the conclusion that although there are various claimed and observed health benefits of dietary supplements in the prevention and treatment of various thyroid disorders, still several studies have shown too many risks to be associated with the use of dietary supplements, and people using these products should be aware of these risks in order to use them very judiciously for the improvement of their thyroid status.
甲状腺激素在调节身体新陈代谢方面起着至关重要的作用。甲状腺分泌的两种重要的甲状腺激素是三碘甲状腺原氨酸（T3）和四碘甲状腺原氨酸（T4）。促甲状腺激素和甲状腺调节激素控制着我们体内的 T3 和 T4 水平。TSH 水平升高表明甲状腺功能减退，TSH 水平降低表明甲状腺功能亢进。碘是合成甲状腺激素的关键营养素，主要从饮食中获得。甲状腺激素形成所需的其他必需营养素包括硒、铁、维生素 D、维生素 B12 等。这些营养素的饮食变化会导致甲状腺功能和结构的改变。虽然通常情况下，荷尔蒙疾病无法治愈，但我们可以使用适当的膳食补充剂来改善其症状。
本研究的目的是全面分析各种膳食补充剂在预防和治疗各种甲状腺疾病（如桥本甲状腺炎中的甲状腺功能减退症；格雷夫斯病中的甲状腺功能亢进症；病态甲状腺毒症和亚临床甲状腺功能减退症）中的各种益处和风险。
在 Pubmed、Google Scholar、Scopus、Cochrane Library 和其他搜索引擎上使用搜索词“dietary supplements+thyroid diseases”搜索文献，并收集了 1967 年至 2021 年 11 月的文献，包括作者的研究资料。对文献进行了全面搜索，对该主题有了深入的了解，然后使用合适的表格和图表对其进行了有序的组织和总结。
通过分析关于该主题的各种研究，我们得出的结论是，尽管膳食补充剂在预防和治疗各种甲状腺疾病方面有各种声称和观察到的健康益处，但仍有几项研究表明其使用存在太多风险，因此人们在使用这些产品时应意识到这些风险，以便非常明智地使用它们来改善甲状腺状况。
