Wu Hongying, Meng Shizhu, Sun Dingwei, Hu Yuting, Wu Tingou, Wang Xiaohuan, Wang Xingren, Liu Ying, Peng Chuyan, He Bin, Meng Fangang
Hainan Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention (Hainan Academy of Preventive Medicine), Haikou, Hainan, China.
Haikou Center for Disease Control and Prevention of Hainan Province, Haikou, Hainan, China.
Front Endocrinol (Lausanne). 2025 Feb 28;16:1536506. doi: 10.3389/fendo.2025.1536506. eCollection 2025.
To investigate the epidemiology and related factors of iodine deficiency disorders (IDD) in Hainan Province, to know the iodine nutrition status and thyroid disease status of residents, and to explore whether salt iodization should be adopted to prevent and control IDD in island areas. To provide a basis for the effective implementation of scientific iodine supplement prevention and control strategy.
All 21 cities, counties (districts) in the province were investigated. Superficial soil, residential drinking water, common food, urine samples of children, adults and pregnant women, household salt samples, thyroid B-ultrasound of adults and pregnant women, adult blood samples were collected. Soil iodine, water iodine, food iodine, urine iodine, daily salt intake, salt iodine, thyroid volume, nodules and thyroid function were measured.
The median iodine content in soil was 4.37mg/kg, the median iodine content in drinking water was 6.0μg/L, the iodized salt coverage rate was 98.6%, and the consumption rate of qualified iodized salt was 97.9%. The median urinary iodine concentration (MUIC) in children and adults was 180.3μg/L and 151.6μg/L, respectively, which was the adequate level of iodine. The median urinary iodine in pregnant women was 144.6μg/L, which was slightly lower than the adequate level. The main source of iodine intake was salt iodine, which contributed 59.8% to total dietary iodine. Kelp, milk and seaweed, whose contribution rates were 8.2%, 7.3% and 6.6%, respectively. The total iodine contribution rate of other foods was 18.1%, among which the contribution rate of fish, shrimp and crabs was only 2.4%. The overall prevalence of thyroid diseases was 27.01%. The detection rates of subclinical hypothyroidism and subclinical hyperthyroidism in males were significantly higher than those in females, and the detection rates of thyroid nodules and goiter were significantly lower than those in females. The detection rates of thyroid nodules in central mountainous areas were significantly higher than those in eastern and western coastal areas.
At present, the iodine nutrition level in Hainan Province is generally in a suitable state, and the iodine intake of residents mainly comes from iodized salt. The strategy of salt iodization prevention and control of IDD should be adhered to in island area.
调查海南省碘缺乏病（IDD）的流行病学及相关因素，了解居民碘营养状况和甲状腺疾病状况，探讨海岛地区是否应采用食盐加碘来预防和控制碘缺乏病，为有效实施科学补碘防控策略提供依据。
对全省21个市、县（区）进行调查。采集表层土壤、居民生活饮用水、常见食物、儿童、成人及孕妇尿样、家庭食盐样、成人及孕妇甲状腺B超、成人血样。检测土壤碘、水碘、食物碘、尿碘、日食盐摄入量、盐碘、甲状腺体积、结节及甲状腺功能。
土壤碘含量中位数为4.37mg/kg，生活饮用水碘含量中位数为6.0μg/L，碘盐覆盖率为98.6%，合格碘盐食用率为97.9%。儿童和成人尿碘浓度中位数（MUIC）分别为180.3μg/L和151.6μg/L，处于碘适宜水平。孕妇尿碘中位数为144.6μg/L，略低于适宜水平。碘摄入的主要来源是盐碘，占膳食总碘的59.8%。海带、牛奶和紫菜的贡献率分别为8.2%、7.3%和6.6%。其他食物的总碘贡献率为18.1%，其中鱼虾蟹的贡献率仅为2.4%。甲状腺疾病总体患病率为27.01%。男性亚临床甲状腺功能减退和亚临床甲状腺功能亢进的检出率显著高于女性，甲状腺结节和甲状腺肿的检出率显著低于女性。中部山区甲状腺结节的检出率显著高于东部和西部沿海地区。
目前海南省碘营养水平总体处于适宜状态，居民碘摄入主要来源于碘盐。海岛地区应坚持食盐加碘防控碘缺乏病的策略。
