Allied Health and Human Performance, University of South Australia, Adelaide, Australia.
J Geriatr Phys Ther. 2024;47(1):43-54. doi: 10.1519/JPT.0000000000000337. Epub 2022 Apr 19.
Maintaining physical performance in older age is critical. The Short Physical Performance Battery (SPPB) is one of many tools available to measure physical performance in older people.
Describe the psychometric properties of the SPPB.
Using a systematic review methodology, quantitative studies addressing the validity, reliability, and sensitivity of the SPPB in populations 60 years or older were included. We searched 8 databases: MEDLINE, CINAHL, Cochrane, Ageline, Amed, Embase, Scopus, and Emcare, as well as gray literature. Two researchers independently screened, appraised, and extracted data from the literature, following which a descriptive synthesis was undertaken.
Twenty-eight studies with varying methodological quality were included. Floor and ceiling effects were reported in 4 studies, generally related to very high or very low functioning adults. Nineteen studies investigated validity with varying correlations between the SPPB and other physical performance assessment tools. Ten studies reported good to excellent reliability (intraclass correlation coefficient ranging 0.82-0.92). Minimum detectable change indicates low sensitivity (ranging 0.7-3.42).
Evidence from the literature indicates that the SPPB is a reliable and valid measure of physical performance in adults older than 60 years. However, the SPPB has a narrow scope and is most appropriate for frail older adults who can ambulate and are cognitively able to follow instructions. It has limited applicability for specific populations such as people with dementia who have difficulty following instructions. Targeted training for users may improve its usability and success in clinical practice.
Clinicians should be mindful that while the SPPB has good validity and reliability, it has limited applicability for people with dementia and is not particularly sensitive to change. In practice, this means that it provides a good snapshot of a client's physical performance compared with the rest of the older population; it is less useful for tracking changes to physical performance over time.
保持老年人的身体机能至关重要。简短体能测试（SPPB）是评估老年人身体机能的众多工具之一。
描述 SPPB 的心理测量学特性。
采用系统综述方法，纳入了针对 60 岁及以上人群 SPPB 有效性、可靠性和敏感性的定量研究。我们检索了 8 个数据库：MEDLINE、CINAHL、Cochrane、Ageline、Amed、Embase、Scopus 和 Emcare，以及灰色文献。两位研究人员独立筛选、评估并提取文献中的数据，然后进行描述性综合。
纳入了 28 项方法学质量不同的研究。4 项研究报告了地板和天花板效应，通常与功能非常高或非常低的成年人有关。19 项研究探讨了有效性，SPPB 与其他身体表现评估工具之间存在不同的相关性。10 项研究报告了良好到优秀的可靠性（组内相关系数范围为 0.82-0.92）。最小可检测变化表明敏感性较低（范围为 0.7-3.42）。
文献证据表明，SPPB 是评估 60 岁以上成年人身体机能的可靠和有效的测量工具。然而，SPPB 的范围较窄，最适合能够行走且认知能力能够听从指令的虚弱老年人。它在特定人群中的适用性有限，例如难以听从指令的痴呆症患者。对用户进行有针对性的培训可能会提高其可用性和在临床实践中的成功应用。
临床医生应该注意，尽管 SPPB 具有良好的有效性和可靠性，但它在痴呆症患者中的适用性有限，并且对变化的敏感性不高。在实践中，这意味着与老年人群体相比，它可以很好地捕捉到客户的身体表现；但在跟踪身体表现随时间的变化方面，它的作用不大。
