Herndon D N, Langner F, Thompson P, Linares H A, Stein M, Traber D L
Surg Clin North Am. 1987 Feb;67(1):31-46. doi: 10.1016/s0039-6109(16)44131-9.
Inhalation injury has emerged as the number one cause of fatality in the burn patient. Fiberoptic bronchoscopy and 133Xe scanning complement traditional clinical signs of inhalation injury and have led to discovery of a higher incidence of these injuries among patients with burns. Patients with inhalation injury typically demonstrate three stages: acute pulmonary insufficiency, pulmonary edema, and bronchopneumonia, all of which carry at least 50 per cent mortality rates. The major early pathophysiologic changes in the lungs of burned patients are related to upper-airway obstruction and lower-airway permeability edema. Treatment consists of intubation for signs of respiratory distress, pulmonary toilet, humidification of inspired air, and antibiotics for documented infection.
吸入性损伤已成为烧伤患者死亡的首要原因。纤维支气管镜检查和氙-133扫描补充了吸入性损伤的传统临床体征，并使人们发现烧伤患者中这些损伤的发生率更高。吸入性损伤患者通常表现出三个阶段：急性肺功能不全、肺水肿和支气管肺炎，所有这些阶段的死亡率至少为50%。烧伤患者肺部早期主要的病理生理变化与上呼吸道梗阻和下呼吸道通透性水肿有关。治疗包括针对呼吸窘迫体征进行插管、肺部灌洗、湿化吸入空气以及针对确诊感染使用抗生素。
