Jessica Klusek, Shannon L. O'Connor, Alexandra Hickey and Kimberly J. Hills, University of South Carolina.
Leonard Abbeduto, University of California Davis Health.
Am J Intellect Dev Disabil. 2022 May 1;127(3):213-230. doi: 10.1352/1944-7558-127.3.213.
This study characterized the rates of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in adolescent and young adult males with fragile X syndrome (FXS) using a multi-method approach integrating a DSM-based parent interview (Children's Interview for Psychiatric Syndromes; P-ChIPS, Fristad et al., 1998) and a parent rating scale (Child Behavior Checklist; CBCL, Achenbach, 2001). Thirty-one males with FXS, aged 16-24 years, participated. Forty-two percent met DSM-5 criteria for ADHD and 35% exceeded the CBCL cut-offs. Agreement between the two classification methods was fair (κ = 0.38). Autism symptom severity and nonverbal cognitive ability did not predict ADHD diagnoses/symptoms. Results show high rates of ADHD in males with FXS during late adolescence and young adulthood, which are not accounted for by impaired nonverbal cognitive skills or autism symptom severity. DSM-based ADHD-specific scales are recommended over broadband symptom scales to improve accurate identification.
本研究采用多方法手段，整合基于 DSM 的家长访谈（儿童精神病学综合征访谈；P-ChIPS，Fristad 等人，1998）和家长评定量表（儿童行为检查表；CBCL，Achenbach，2001），对患有脆性 X 综合征（FXS）的青少年和年轻男性的注意力缺陷/多动障碍（ADHD）发病率进行了描述。共有 31 名年龄在 16-24 岁的 FXS 男性参与了该研究。42%的人符合 DSM-5 关于 ADHD 的标准，35%的人超过了 CBCL 的临界值。两种分类方法之间的一致性为中等（κ=0.38）。自闭症症状严重程度和非言语认知能力并不能预测 ADHD 的诊断/症状。结果表明，患有 FXS 的男性在青少年后期和成年早期 ADHD 的发病率较高，这不能用非言语认知能力受损或自闭症症状严重程度来解释。建议使用基于 DSM 的 ADHD 专用量表，而不是宽带症状量表，以提高准确识别率。
