Jennings D H
Symp Soc Exp Biol. 1986;40:329-46.
Fungi grow for the most part as hyphae extending at their tips. Hyphae aggregate into mycelia, the form of which is dependent on many factors but often on the density of tips which is a function of such factors as the degree of hyphal branching, anastomoses and tip and hyphal death. Some possible mechanisms behind these processes are considered. A particularly important element in tip growth and branching is the movement of protons across the plasma membrane. Certain rhythmic growth phenomena are discussed in these terms. Another important element in morphological development is water flow bringing about a redistribution of solutes within a mycelium and probably influencing wall hydration and wall extensibility. Finally, special consideration is given to development of basidiomycete vegetative mycelium where there are indications that cytoplasmic factors can modulate the expressions of the nuclear genome.
真菌大多以在其顶端延伸的菌丝形式生长。菌丝聚集形成菌丝体，其形态取决于许多因素，但通常取决于顶端的密度，而顶端密度是诸如菌丝分支程度、吻合以及顶端和菌丝死亡等因素的函数。文中考虑了这些过程背后的一些可能机制。顶端生长和分支背后的一个特别重要的因素是质子穿过质膜的移动。文中从这些方面讨论了某些有节奏的生长现象。形态发育中的另一个重要因素是水流，它导致菌丝体内溶质的重新分布，并可能影响细胞壁的水合作用和细胞壁的伸展性。最后，文中特别考虑了担子菌营养菌丝体的发育，有迹象表明细胞质因子可以调节核基因组的表达。
